Table 2.
Bivariate regression models of factors associated with HIV related stigmatizing attitudes among PLHIV with psychological distress.
| Variables |
High levels of stigmatizing attitudes |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| 15 to 24 | 1 | |||
| 25 to 34 | 1.26 | 0.82 | 1.93 | 0.29 |
| 35 to 49 | 1.51 | 0.98 | 2.35 | 0.06 |
| 50 years and older | 1.62 | 0.95 | 2.75 | 0.08 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | |||
| Female | 0.73 | 0.53 | 1.00 | 0.05 |
| Race groups | ||||
| Black African | 1 | |||
| Other races | 1.69 | 1.00 | 2.88 | 0.05 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Not married | 1 | |||
| Married | 0.88 | 0.59 | 1.32 | 0.543 |
| Educational level | ||||
| Primary/no education | 1 | |||
| Secondary | 0.60 | 0.41 | 0.88 | 0.01 |
| Tertiary | 0.43 | 0.14 | 1.30 | 0.14 |
| Employment status | ||||
| Unemployed | 1 | |||
| Employed | 1.17 | 0.85 | 1.61 | 0.35 |
| Asset based SES | ||||
| Low | 1 | |||
| High | 0.69 | 0.50 | 0.96 | 0.03 |
| Locality type | ||||
| Urban formal | 1 | |||
| Urban informal | 0.67 | 0.42 | 1.06 | 0.09 |
| Rural informal/tribal areas | 1.22 | 0.83 | 1.79 | 0.30 |
| Rural formal/farm areas | 2.07 | 1.25 | 3.41 | 0.00 |
| Correct knowledge and myth rejection about HIV | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.54 | 0.37 | 0.80 | 0.00 |
| Ever test for HIV | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.56 | 0.38 | 0.82 | 0.00 |
| Know HIV results | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.68 | 0.33 | 1.43 | 0.31 |
| Self-perceived risk of HIV | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.36 | 1.03 | 1.78 | 0.03 |
| Exposure to ARVs | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.75 | 0.56 | 1.00 | 0.05 |
| Self-rated health | ||||
| Fair/poor | 1 | |||
| Good/excellent | 0.95 | 0.74 | 1.21 | 0.66 |
CI-confidence interval, SES = socio-economic status.