Table 1.

PICOS acronym describing characteristics of this review study

Acronym	Definition	This study
P	Participants	Children and adults with post-traumatic AOD, AAD, or both who survived until treatment
I	Intervention	Anterior or posterior reduction and instrumentation with levels of fusion and status of occipital involvement. If there was no surgery, conservative management details of traction and bracing would be presented
C	Context	Trauma—its mechanism as well as basic demographic data of patients
O	Outcome	Neck pain, NDI, JOA, mJOA, Nurick scale, ASIA, subjective improvement, fusion rates
S	Study designs	Cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies, case series (n ≥ 3), case reports (n ≤ 2)

AAD, atlantoaxial dislocation; AOD, atlantooccipital dislocation; ASIA, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale; mJOA, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score; NDI, neck disability index