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. 2021 May 14;7:104. doi: 10.1038/s41420-021-00485-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A The heterogeneity of normal breast epithelial cells. KRT14 and KRT8/18 are genetic markers of basal and luminal breast epithelium, respectively. The luminal epithelial cells are composed of luminal 1 (SLPI⁺) and luminal 2 (ANKRD30A⁺). B According to EMT-related genes, cancer stem cells are divided into EMT CSCs, MET CSCs, dual-EMT-MET CSCs, EMT non-CSCs, and non-CSCs. C The heterogeneity of tumor-associated fibroblasts and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor-associated fibroblasts at least include the subpopulations of vascular CAFs (vCAFs), matrix CAFs (mCAFs), and developmental CAFs (dCAFs), whereas the MDSCs are identified to be derived from neutrophils (G-MDSCs) and mononuclear cells (M-MDSCs).