Table 2.
Participant characteristics from the EU-AIMS LEAP dataset.
| Discovery | Replication | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SC > RRB | SC = RRB | RRB > SC | TD | F (p value) | SC > RRB | SC = RRB | RRB > SC | TD | F (p value) | |
| N (male) | 50 (36) | 77 (59) | 6 (3) | 121 (80) | — | 49 (36) | 83 (60) | 1 (1) | 122 (75) | — |
| Age in years | 16.26 (5.03) | 16.29 (5.72) | 18.08 (7.13) | 16.83 (5.23) | 0.34 (0.79) | 16.30 (5.21) | 16.51 (5.67) | 11.45 (N/A) | 16.86 (6.07) | 0.63 (0.59) |
| FIQ | 98.27 (18.28) | 98.94 (18.89) | 102.67 (14.63) | 105.72 (18.33) | 2.34 (0.07) | 95.43 (20.11) | 103.28 (16.55) | 148.00 (N/A) | 104.94 (17.14) | 5.10 (0.001) |
| Mean FD | 0.23 (0.24) | 0.28 (0.45) | 0.29 (0.42) | 0.18 (0.15) | 2.17 (0.09) | 0.23 (0.21) | 0.25 (0.27) | 0.38 (N/A) | 0.23 (0.46) | 0.10 (0.95) |
| ADI-R SCa | 0.46 (0.13) | 0.31 (0.14) | 0.18 (0.12) | — | 29.19 (3.70e-11) | 0.51 (0.13) | 0.28 (0.13) | 0.15 (N/A) | — | 54.60 (<0.001) |
| ADI-R RRBa | 0.16 (0.09) | 0.29 (0.16) | 0.47 (0.09) | — | 24.87 (7.63e-10) | 0.20 (0.13) | 0.23 (0.13) | 0.40 (N/A) | — | 1.98 (0.14) |
| ADI-R Soc | 18.52 (6.44) | 16.83 (6.81) | 15.83 (8.33) | — | 2.70 (0.10) | 19.39 (5.87) | 14.96 (5.92) | 16.00 (N/A) | — | 19.47 (2.15e-5) |
| ADI-R Comm | 14.54 (5.03) | 14.00 (5.87) | 14.67 (6.31) | — | 0.94 (0.33) | 15.61 (4.64) | 11.84 (5.36) | 7.00 (N/A) | — | 19.29 (2.34e-5) |
| ADI-R RRB | 2.96 (2.02) | 5.08 (2.54) | 9.00 (1.26) | 26.72 (9.29e-7) | 3.88 (2.54) | 3.94 (2.29) | 6.00 (N/A) | 0.001 (0.97) | ||
| ADOS SA CSSb | 6.31 (2.54) | 6.22 (2.60) | 3.83 (3.37) | — | 0.06 (0.80) | 6.20 (2.98) | 5.68 (2.51) | 5.00 (N/A) | — | 1.48 (0.22) |
| ADOS RRB CSSb | 4.71 (2.79) | 4.86 (2.83) | 4.83 (4.22) | — | 0.20 (0.65) | 4.50 (2.83) | 4.91 (2.52) | 1.00 (N/A) | — | 1.61 (0.20) |
| SRSb | 73.23 (10.97) | 72.04 (12.35) | 71.33 (16.65) | 47.84 (9.40) | 0.01 (0.90) | 76.61 (10.61) | 67.13 (11.61) | 60.00 (N/A) | 47.23 (9.34) | 0.10 (0.75) |
| RBSb | 14.72 (13.27) | 18.83 (16.40) | 17.33 (10.69) | 2.15 (4.74) | 1.93 (0.16) | 21.59 (15.81) | 13.37 (11.30) | 13.00 (N/A) | 3.08 (11.54) | 12.37 (6.35e-4) |
| SSPb | 138.64 (28.33) | 135.86 (31.26) | 143.00 (33.94) | 177.86 (12.71) | 0.67 (0.41) | 134.62 (24.70) | 142.44 (26.14) | 153.00 (N/A) | 174.93 (19.38) | 2.33 (0.13) |
| VABS Commb | 69.29 (16.26) | 73.65 (17.51) | 86.50 (20.68) | 91.97 (25.44) | 1.83 (0.17) | 69.50 (14.57) | 82.01 (13.81) | 99.00 (N/A) | 92.74 (25.45) | 21.97 (7.66e-6) |
| VABS DLSb | 68.31 (16.18) | 73.70 (16.61) | 71.00 (9.63) | 90.74 (20.28) | 3.31 (0.07) | 68.27 (15.83) | 78.24 (15.27) | 74.00 (N/A) | 91.10 (22.65) | 12.26 (6.60e-4) |
| VABS Socb | 66.24 (15.96) | 70.78 (15.69) | 70.75 (10.34) | 96.21 (23.67) | 2.82 (0.09) | 63.43 (15.88) | 75.91 (15.22) | 76.00 (N/A) | 98.90 (27.04) | 18.79 (3.13e-5) |
| VABS ABCb | 65.71 (15.45) | 71.27 (13.20) | 74.00 (12.03) | 92.06 (23.04) | 4.44 (0.03) | 65.25 (13.82) | 77.09 (12.83) | 81.00 (N/A) | 93.00 (25.39) | 24.02 (3.16e-6) |
At a z-threshold of 1, this table shows sample sizes and descriptive statistics alongside F-statistic and p-value from an ANOVA testing for an effect of group. For ADI-R, ADOS, SRS, RBS, SSP, and VABS, the F-statistic and p-value refer to a group difference between SC = RRB vs SC > RRB, while for age, mean FD, and FIQ, the F-statistic and p-value refer to a model that takes into account all groups. FD framewise displacement, FIQ full-scale IQ, ADI-R autism diagnostic interview revised, ADOS autism diagnostic observation schedule, SC social-communication, RRB restricted repetitive behaviors, SA social affect, CSS calibrated severity score, SRS social responsiveness scale, RBS repetitive behavior scale, SSP short sensory profile, VABS vineland adaptive behavior scales; Comm communication, DLS daily living skills, Soc socialization, ABC adaptive behavior composite. aDSM-5 domain percentage scores used for the SC-RRB difference score computation. bSample sizes: ADOS (Discovery, RRB > SC n = 6, SC = RRB n = 76, SC > RRB n = 48; Replication RRB > SC n = 1, SC = RRB n = 81, SC > RRB n = 46); SRS (Discovery, RRB > SC n = 3, SC = RRB n = 67, SC > RRB n = 44, TD n = 68; Replication RRB > SC n = 1, SC = RRB n = 76, SC > RRB n = 41, TD n = 65); RBS (Discovery, RRB > SC n = 3, SC = RRB n = 64, SC > RRB n = 43, TD n = 68; Replication RRB > SC n = 1, SC = RRB n = 73, SC > RRB n = 41, TD n = 63); SSP (Discovery, RRB > SC n = 2, SC=RRB n = 44, SC > RRB n = 33, TD n = 59; Replication RRB > SC n = 1, SC = RRB n = 50, SC > RRB n = 32, TD n = 54); Vineland (Discovery, RRB > SC n = 4, SC = RRB n = 74, SC > RRB n = 45, TD n = 34; Replication RRB > SC n = 1, SC = RRB n = 76, SC > RRB n = 44, TD n = 39).