Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects in the 10 voxel-based morphometry data sets included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Number (male) | Age (years) | Duration | ADHS-SR* | Y-BOCS | YGTSS | Medication (%) | Comorbidity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TS | HC | TS | HC | (years) | ||||||
| Garraux et al.14 | 31 (25) | 31 (23) | 32.00 ± 10.50 | 32.00 ± 11.00 | NA | NA | NA | 31.60 | 29.00 | Yes |
| Ludolph et al.17 | 14 (14) | 15 (15) | 12.50 | 13.40 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 28.00 | Yes |
| Muller-Vahl et al.18 | 19 (19) | 20 (20) | 30.40 | 31.70 | NA | 26.88 | NA | 28.80 | Drug naive | No |
| Roessner et al.12 | 38 (38) | 38 (38) | 11.89 ± 1.33 | 12.19 ± 1.38 | 5.40 ± 2.00 | NA | NA | NA | Drug naive | No |
| Draganski et al.20 | 40 (30) | 40 (25) | 32.40 ± 11.00 | 34.40 ± 9.00 | 24.00 ± 11.60 | NA | NA | 28.70 ± 7.40 | 62.50 | Yes |
| Wittfoth et al.15 | 29 (29) | 24 (24) | 30.70 ± 9.00 | 30.60 ± 10.90 | NA | 7.20 | 10.50 | 35.70 ± 17.60 | Drug free | Yes |
| Liu et al.19 | 21 (20) | 20 (17) | 7.90 ± 1.95 | 8.05 ± 2.30 | 1.84 ± 0.56 | NA | NA | 41.71 ± 12.46 | Drug free | No |
| Ganos et al.21 | 14 (13) | 15 (13) | 30.60 ± 8.80 | 31.60 ± 8.90 | NA | 2.30 ± 2.40 | 0.90 ± 1.80 | 17.60 ± 6.60 | 21.40 | No |
| Debes et al.16 | 22 (20) | 21 (NA) | 14.20 ± 2.50 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Drug free | Yes |
| Greene et al.13 | 103 (81) | 103 (81) | 11.90 ± 2.10 | 11.90 ± 2.10 | NA | NA | 5.30 ± 6.80 | 18.10 ± 8.30 | 72.82 | Yes |
TS Tourette syndrome, HC health control, ADHS-SR attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder self-assessment scale, Y-BOCS Yale–Brown obsessive–compulsive scale, YGTSS Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, NA not available.