Figure 3.

Identification of an amino acid involved in the formation of acrolein-specific innate epitopes.A, production of IgM by acrolein-treated amino acids in the PerC cells. B, production of IgM by acrolein-treated amino acids in the PerC B cells. Differences were analyzed by a paired Student's t test; ∗∗∗p < 0.001. C, enhanced differentiation of B cells into the plasma cells by acrolein-treated NAK in the PerC cells. In panels A–C, the reaction mixture containing 10 mM N^α-acetylated amino acids and 1 mM acrolein in PBS was incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. The cells were treated with amino acids (control or acrolein-treated amino acids) for 48 h. Differences were analyzed by the paired Student's t test (A and B) or by Dunnett's test (C); ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001; compared within each amino acid (A and B); versus N/C (C). IgM, immunoglobulin M; NAK, N^α-acetyl-L-lysine; PerC, peritoneal cavity.