TABLE 3.
Frequency and percentage distribution of suicide deaths for 36 work‐related stresses, by gender and occupation
| Work‐related stress | N | Men | Women a | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MN | PR | CL | SR | SL | SK | CR | EQ | EL | T | MN | PR | CL | SR | SL | EQ | EL | T | ||
| 119 | 47 | 46 | 11 | 21 | 2 | 49 | 45 | 30 | 370 | 2 | 14 | 16 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 43 | ||
| Accident/disaster | |||||||||||||||||||
| Severe disease/injury | N | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 15 | 8 | 4 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| (%) | (2.5) | (2.1) | (2.2) | (9.1) | (4.8) | (100) | (30.6) | (17.8) | (13.3) | (9.7) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (100) | (33.3) | (20.0) | (0.0) | (7.0) | |
| Experiencing or witnessing a severe accident or fire | N | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| (%) | (3.4) | (0.0) | (2.2) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (6.1) | (6.7) | (3.3) | (3.2) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (33.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.3) | |
| Failure/responsibility | |||||||||||||||||||
| Causing a serious accident | N | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 22 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| (%) | (3.4) | (4.3) | (4.3) | (9.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (4.1) | (22.2) | (3.3) | (5.9) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (33.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (4.7) | |
| Crucial mistake in work | N | 20 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 45 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| (%) | (16.8) | (10.6) | (8.7) | (9.1) | (23.8) | (0.0) | (12.2) | (8.9) | (0.0) | (12.2) | (50.0) | (7.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (4.7) | |
| Responsibility for accident/incident | N | 40 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 85 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| (%) | (33.6) | (25.5) | (21.7) | (27.3) | (28.6) | (0.0) | (12.2) | (15.6) | (3.3) | (23.0) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (12.5) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (20.0) | (0.0) | (9.3) | |
| Financial responsibility | N | 30 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 67 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| (%) | (25.2) | (19.1) | (13.0) | (9.1) | (28.6) | (0.0) | (16.3) | (15.6) | (0.0) | (18.1) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (20.0) | (0.0) | (4.7) | |
| Forcing illegal behavior | N | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| (%) | (2.5) | (4.3) | (2.2) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.2) | (0.0) | (1.9) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (6.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.3) | |
| Difficult work to achieve | N | 52 | 24 | 22 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 135 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 |
| (%) | (43.7) | (51.1) | (47.8) | (27.3) | (61.9) | (0.0) | (28.6) | (11.1) | (6.7) | (36.5) | (50.0) | (35.7) | (25.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (20.0) | (0.0) | (25.6) | |
| Fail to achieve allocation workload | N | 42 | 15 | 15 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 100 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| (%) | (35.3) | (31.9) | (32.6) | (9.1) | (57.1) | (0.0) | (22.4) | (4.4) | (6.7) | (27.0) | (50.0) | (14.3) | (6.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (20.0) | (0.0) | (11.6) | |
| In charge of new business or company reconstruction | N | 27 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| (%) | (22.7) | (21.3) | (10.9) | (0.0) | (14.3) | (0.0) | (2.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (12.4) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (12.5) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (7.0) | |
| Unreasonable demands from client | N | 23 | 14 | 8 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 56 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| (%) | (19.3) | (29.8) | (17.4) | (0.0) | (19.0) | (0.0) | (4.1) | (6.7) | (6.7) | (15.1) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (6.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (4.7) | |
| Complaints from client | N | 37 | 17 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 82 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| (%) | (31.1) | (36.2) | (19.6) | (0.0) | (28.6) | (0.0) | (8.2) | (15.6) | (6.7) | (22.2) | (0.0) | (21.4) | (25.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (16.3) | |
| Be forced to present at a large presentation or formal meeting | N | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| (%) | (0.8) | (4.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.8) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.3) | |
| Substitute for supervisor | N | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| (%) | (4.2) | (6.4) | (4.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.0) | (2.2) | (0.0) | (3.2) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (6.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.3) | |
| Quantity/quality | |||||||||||||||||||
| Change of job contents or workload | N | 40 | 19 | 24 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 111 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 16 |
| (%) | (33.6) | (40.4) | (52.2) | (36.4) | (19.0) | (0.0) | (22.4) | (11.1) | (13.3) | (30.0) | (0.0) | (35.7) | (43.8) | (100) | (33.3) | (40.0) | (0.0) | (37.2) | |
| Long working hour | N | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| (%) | (5.9) | (10.6) | (4.3) | (9.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.0) | (2.2) | (3.3) | (4.9) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | |
| Continuous work for more than 2 weeks | N | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| (%) | (5.0) | (8.5) | (2.2) | (18.2) | (9.5) | (0.0) | (8.2) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (5.1) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.3) | |
| Change in work arrangements of shift | N | 10 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| (%) | (8.4) | (10.6) | (17.4) | (9.1) | (19.0) | (0.0) | (14.3) | (11.1) | (6.7) | (11.4) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (12.5) | (0.0) | (33.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (7.0) | |
| Change of pace or activity | N | 19 | 8 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| (%) | (16.0) | (17.0) | (26.1) | (18.2) | (19.0) | (0.0) | (20.4) | (15.6) | (6.7) | (17.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (18.8) | (0.0) | (33.3) | (20.0) | (0.0) | (11.6) | |
| Role/position | |||||||||||||||||||
| Retirement pressure | N | 14 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| (%) | (11.8) | (8.5) | (4.3) | (18.2) | (9.5) | (0.0) | (6.1) | (15.6) | (6.7) | (9.7) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | |
| Relocation | N | 21 | 6 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 10 | 1 | 66 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 |
| (%) | (17.6) | (12.8) | (30.4) | (18.2) | (28.6) | (0.0) | (12.2) | (22.2) | (3.3) | (17.8) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (31.3) | (0.0) | (33.3) | (20.0) | (0.0) | (18.6) | |
| Transfer | N | 14 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| (%) | (11.8) | (12.8) | (4.3) | (0.0) | (9.5) | (0.0) | (10.2) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (7.8) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (6.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.3) | |
| Solo work | N | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| (%) | (6.7) | (10.6) | (6.5) | (0.0) | (4.8) | (0.0) | (6.1) | (4.4) | (3.3) | (6.2) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (12.5) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (20.0) | (0.0) | (9.3) | |
| Discrimination (Irregular worker) | N | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| (%) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.0) | (4.4) | (6.7) | (1.4) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | |
| Own promotion | N | 22 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 39 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| (%) | (18.5) | (10.6) | (8.7) | (27.3) | (14.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.2) | (3.3) | (10.5) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (6.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (4.7) | |
| Reduction of colleagues | N | 16 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| (%) | (13.4) | (6.4) | (8.7) | (9.1) | (9.5) | (0.0) | (6.1) | (0.0) | (6.7) | (8.4) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (12.5) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (4.7) | |
| Early retirement offer | N | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| (%) | (3.4) | (6.4) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (1.9) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (20.0) | (0.0) | (2.3) | |
| Contract expire (Irregular workers) | N | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| (%) | (1.7) | (2.1) | (2.2) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.0) | (4.4) | (10.0) | (2.7) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.3) | |
| Interpersonal conflict | |||||||||||||||||||
| Workplace harassment, mobbing, violence | N | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| (%) | (4.2) | (4.3) | (2.2) | (9.1) | (4.8) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (6.7) | (3.3) | (3.8) | (50.0) | (14.3) | (12.5) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (50.0) | (14.0) | |
| Conflict with supervisor | N | 50 | 16 | 23 | 6 | 11 | 0 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 137 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10 |
| (%) | (42.0) | (34.0) | (50.0) | (54.5) | (52.4) | (0.0) | (28.6) | (24.4) | (20.0) | (37.0) | (0.0) | (28.6) | (25.0) | (0.0) | (33.3) | (20.0) | (0.0) | (23.3) | |
| Conflict with colleague | N | 12 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 45 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 |
| (%) | (10.1) | (10.6) | (15.2) | (9.1) | (19.0) | (0.0) | (12.2) | (6.7) | (23.3) | (12.2) | (50.0) | (57.1) | (31.3) | (0.0) | (33.3) | (0.0) | (50.0) | (37.2) | |
| Conflict with subordinates | N | 10 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 31 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| (%) | (8.4) | (6.4) | (8.7) | (18.2) | (19.0) | (0.0) | (4.1) | (4.4) | (13.3) | (8.4) | (0.0) | (7.1) | (6.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (4.7) | |
| Break up with a close colleague | N | 7 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| (%) | (5.9) | (10.6) | (6.5) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.0) | (4.4) | (0.0) | (4.9) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | |
| New supervisor | N | 14 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| (%) | (11.8) | (10.6) | (10.9) | (0.0) | (4.8) | (0.0) | (8.2) | (2.2) | (6.7) | (8.6) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (18.8) | (0.0) | (33.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (9.3) | |
| Losing promotion | N | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| (%) | (1.7) | (6.4) | (6.5) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (4.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (2.7) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | |
| Sexual harassment | N | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| (%) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (18.8) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (7.0) | |
Abbreviations: CL, Clerks; CR, Craft and Related Trades Workers; EL, Elementary Workers; EQ, Equipment, Machine Operating and Assembling Workers; MN, Managers; PR, Professionals and Related Workers; SK, Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers; SL, Sales Workers; SR, Service Workers; T, Total.
a
The case of women in Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers, and Craft and Related Trades Workers was N = 0.