Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of the European populations included in the discovery phase.
| PACMAN |
BREATHE-PAGES |
GoSHARE |
PASS |
SLOVENIA |
BREATHE |
followMAGICS |
ESTATe |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 654 | 540 | 472 | 402 | 182 | 182 | 147 | 102 |
| Gender (% male) | 61.6 | 60.4 | 24.8 | 55.0 | 57.1 | 59.3 | 59.9 | 58.8 |
| Mean age ± SD (years) | 8.7 ± 2.3 | 10.2 ± 3.5 | 11.3 ± 5.7 | 12.0 ± 2.0 | 10.8 ± 3.4 | 8.9 ± 4.0 | 17.2 ± 3.0 | 10.6 ± 4.2 |
| Recruitment country | Netherlands | United Kingdom | United Kingdom | United Kingdom | Slovenia | United Kingdom | Germany/Austria | Netherlands |
| Asthma exacerbations in the last 12 months (%) | 11.0 | 54.1a | 13.8 | 51.7a | 34.1 | 52.7a | 53.1 | 48.0 |
| Definition | ER visits/OCS use | hospitalizations/OCS use/school absences | hospitalizations/OCS use | OCS use | ER visits/hospitalizations/OCS use | OCS use/hospitalizations/school absences | ER visits/hospitalizations/GP visits/specialist visits | ER visits/hospitalizations/OCS use |
| ER visits (%) b | 6.1 | NA | NA | NA | 28.0 | NA | 7.5 | NA |
| OCS use (%) c | 6.7 | 35.0 | 13.8 | 51.7 | 12.6 | 48.4 | NA | 35.3 |
| Hospitalizations (%)d | NA | 13.5 | 0.21 | NA | 9.9 | 46.7 | 3.4 | 12.7 h |
| GP visits (%)e | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 49.0 | NA |
| Specialist visits (%)f | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 21.8 | NA |
| School absences (%) g | NA | 43.1 | NA | NA | NA | 47.2 | NA | NA |
| Treatment steps i | ||||||||
| Step 2 (%) j | 70.6 | 37.6 | 97.3 | 7.5 | NA | 61.0 | 29.3 | 63.7 |
| Step 3 (%) k | 20.8 | 32.6 m,n | 2.5 m,n | 32.1 n | NA | 29.1 m,n | 59.8 n | 33.3 n |
| Step 4 (%) l | 5.4 | 29.8 ñ | 0.2 ñ | 57.2 | NA | 9.9 ñ | 10.9 | 2.0 |
| No classification | 3.2 | NA | NA | 3.2 | NA | NA | NA | 1.0 |
| Genotyping platform | Illumina Infinium CoreExome-24 BeadChip (Illumina) | Axiom Precision Medicine Research Array (Affymetrix) | Axiom Precision Medicine Research Array (Affymetrix) | Illumina Omni Express 8v1 (Illumina) | Illumina Global Screening Array-24 v1.0 BeadChip | Illumina Infinium CoreExome-24 BeadChip (Illumina) | Illumina Sentrix HumanHap300 BeadChip (Illumina) | Illumina Infinium CoreExome-24 BeadChip (Illumina) |
Asthma exacerbations-related data was available for the 6 precedent months of the study enrolment;
Proportion of patients with any exacerbations who sought emergency care due to asthma;
Proportion of patients with any exacerbations who needed the use oral corticosteroids because of asthma;
Proportion of patients with any exacerbations who needed to be hospitalized because of asthma;
Proportion of patients with any exacerbations who needed any unscheduled general practitioner visits because of asthma;
Proportion of patients with any exacerbations who needed any respiratory system specialist visits because of asthma;
Proportion of patients with any exacerbations who were absent from school because of asthma;
ER visits and hospitalizations were considered as a single variable;
Adapted from British Thoracic Society/Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guidelines;
As-needed SABA plus regular ICS;
As-needed SABA plus regular ICS and LABA;
As-needed SABA plus regular ICS, LABA and LTRA;
As-needed SABA plus combinations of ICS and LABA; as-needed SABA plus ICS and combinations of ICS and LABA;
As-needed SABA plus ICS and LTRA was also considered;
As-needed SABA plus LABA, combinations of ICS and LABA, and LTRA; as-needed SABA plus ICS, combinations of ICS and LABA, and LTRA; or as-needed SABA plus combinations of ICS and LABA, and LTRA was also considered.
LABA: long-acting β2 agonists; LTRA: leukotriene receptor antagonists; SABA: short-acting β2 agonists; SD: standard deviation; ER: emergency room; OCS: systemic corticosteroids; GP: general practitioner; NA: not available.