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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Dec 11;222:107790. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107790

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Chemokines shape the glioma immune landscape by recruiting chemokine receptor-expressing immune cells to the glioma microenvironment. Pro-tumor immune-suppressive cells Tregs, MDSCs, and TAMs are honed from the periphery to the site of the tumor through a variety of chemokine receptors, such as CCR2 and CCR4. Anti-tumor immune cells, including CD8+ and Th1 T cells and NK cells, infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and illicit tumor-killing mechanisms. These effector cells express the chemokine receptor CXCR3. CX3CR1-expressing microglia, a CNS resident macrophage, make up the bulk of the glioma infiltrating immune cells and may exhibit both pro- and anti-tumor effects.