Table 1.

Summary of the characteristics of Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis-related cases reported in the literature

Publisher	Publication time	Country	Infection types	Gender	Age	GQ1bIgG antibody	CSFa test	Imaging examination
Kikuchi,M et al. [10]	1997	Japan	Mycoplasma pneumoniae	male	7	positive	Protein cell dissociation	T2 high signal around aqueduct
Steer AC.et al. [11]	2006	Japan	Mycoplasma pneumoniae	male	11	positive	Protein and cell normal	MRI showed diffuse meningeal enhancement and patchy hyperintensity in the spinal cord
Hussain AM [13]	2007	UK	Campylobacter jejuni	male	54	negative	Protein and cell normal	T2 hyperintense area in the brainstem
Masahiro Mori et al. [14]	2008	Japan	Campylobacter jejuni	female	26	positive	Protein cell dissociation	Not done
Kanzaki A et al. [15]	1995	Japan	Cytomegalovirus	female	17	positive	Protein and cell normal	Brain CT and MRI were normal
Tagawa Y,et a [7]	2000	Japan	Varicella zoster virus	male	59	positive	Protein cell dissociation	No abnormality was found
Rho, YI [8]	2014	Korea	Epstein Barr virus	male	2	negative	Protein and cell normal	MRI was normal
Wali GM.et al. [16]	1991	India	Salmonella typhi	male	14	Not recorded	Protein and cell normal	Brain CT was normal
Bun Sheng et al. [17]	2010	Hong Kong, China	Salmonella Paratyphi A	female	28	positive	Protein and cell normal	brainstem edema with patchy T2 hyperintensity
Gianni Coriolani et al. [12]	2020	Italy	Mycoplasma pneumoniae	Not recorded	7.5	Not recorded	Protein and cell normal	8 mm × 4 mm in T2-FLAIR sequences in the left thalamic area and the posterior left medulla oblongata-spinal

^aCSF Cerebrospinal fluid