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. 2021 Apr 22;13(9):2009. doi: 10.3390/cancers13092009

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Summary model. Cancer cell-derived EVs carry diverse mRNAs including hypoxia-targeted mRNAs, EMT-related mRNAs and metabolism-related mRNAs. The EV-mRNA profile is not strongly correlated with cell mRNA profile. A proportion of these EV-mRNAs can be regulated by the hypoxic stress in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer EVs deliver translatable mRNAs, such as VEGFA, to HUVECs, which contribute to activating the HUVECs toward an angiogenic phenotype, accompanied by the upregulation of EMT-related and metabolism-related genes in HUVECs.