Table 1. Summary of clinical findings, histopathology, and genetic analysis of all patients.
| Case/Family | Clinical features |
Histopathological Examination | Gene mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freckle-like pigmentation |
Cutaneous malignancy |
Ophtalmologic abnormalities |
Neurological abnormalities |
|||
| Case 1/1 (Patient IV:3) | Uneven brown spots (Localized) in sun-exposed area | Cancerous lumps (patches) on the cheek | Prolapse right eyeball, ectropion. Cataract left eye | Gait disturbance, Hearing loss | Frozen section from right eye and palpebra: melanoma maligna Biopsy sample from right cheek: suggestive of BCC metastasis. Immunohistochemistry of right cheek sample: Cytokeratine positive, Negative HMB45, Positive CD10 on the palisading tumor cells, and Positive Ber-EP4 stain. Skin tissue: Suggestive of Xeroderma Pigmentosum | Pathogenic variant of the ERCC2 gene (Chr19(GRCh37):g.45855610G>A; NM_000400.3: c.2047C>T, p.(Arg683Trp)) |
| Case 2/1 (Patient IV:4) | Uneven brown spots (Localized) in sun-exposed area | Cancerous lumps (patches) on the cheek | Dry eye | N/A | Skin tissue: Suggestive of Xeroderma Pigmentosum | Pathogenic variant of the ERCC2 gene (Chr19(GRCh37):g.45855610G>A; NM_000400.3: c.2047C>T, p.(Arg683Trp)) |
| Case 1/2 (Patient III:V) | Black spots evenly (Generalized) | Cancerous patch on the lips and palpebrae | Dry eye, cataract | N/A | N/A Passed away | N/A |
| Case 2/2 (Patient III:3) | Black spots evenly (Generalized) | Cancerous patch on the lips and palpebrae | Cataract, blepharitis | N/A | Skin tissue: Suggestive of Xeroderma Pigmentosum | Nonsense pathogenic variant of the XPC gene (NM_004628.4), c.1941T>A, p.(Tyr647*) |
*Remarks: Not all examinations are available for all patients (eg. For Vitamin D measurement) due to socioeconomic limitations which hinders the patient to take all laboratory examinations