Fig. 7.
Different transducer positions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction: A – the probe is inside, and the piezoelectric transducer is outside the extraction vessel; B – both the probe and the piezoelectric transducer are inside the extraction vessel; C – both the probe and the piezoelectric transducer are outside the extraction vessel. Adapted from Santos-Zea et al. [49]. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier.