Table 3.
Summary of sonocatalytic degradation of antibiotics in water.
| Antibiotics | Catalyst | FUS/PE (kHz/W) | t(min) | C0/V(mg/L)/mL | pH | RECatal. (%) | RESono (%) | RESono/Catal (%) | SF | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMX | 0.8 g/L ZnO@Fe3O4 | 20/60 | 120 | 10/100 | 3.0 | 47.0 | 9.6 | 90.0 | 1.6 | [133] |
| CIP | 0.2 g/L TiO2/Montmorillonite | 35/65 | 120 | 10/100 | 6.0 | <25.0 | 8.1 | 65.0 | ~2.0 | [134] |
| MOX | 1 g/L NiFeLDH/rGO | 36/150 | 60 | 20/100 | 8.0 | 33.8 | 8.2 | 72.4 | 1.7 | [117] |
| TC | 0.5 g/L ZnO/nano-cellulose | 37/256 | 15 | 50/50 | 7.0 | 28.2 | 12.8 | 87.6 | 2.1 | [103] |
| TC | 0.5 g/L ZnO; | 37/256 | 15 | 50/50 | 7.0 | 4.4 | 12.8 | 70.0 | 4.1 | [103] |
| RIF | 1.5 g/LZrO2-pumice | 40/300 | 90 | 20/100 | 5.0 | ~10.0 | 7.2 | ~95.3 | 15.5 | [108] |
| RIF | 1.5 g/L ZrO2-tuff | 40/300 | 90 | 20/100 | 5.0 | ~10.0 | 7.2 | 83.1 | 9.1 | [108] |
| CFZ | 1 g/L Fe-Cu layered double hydroxide | 40/300 | 80 | 47.6/100 | 6.5 | 32.6 | 6.8 | 97.6 | 2.5 | [101] |
| NOR | 0.3 g/L multilayer ZnO nanoflowers | 40/200 | 80 | 2.0/50 | 7.5 | 19.2 | 6.4 | 47.5 | 1.9 | [139] |
| OTC | 0.75 g/L Fe2.8Ce0.2O4 | 40/300 | 120 | 50/150 | 4.7 | 37.0 | 17.0 | 64.0 | 1.2 | [105] |
| GMF | 1.5 g/L Nano-ZnO-biochar | 40/300 | 45 | 20/100 | 5.5 | 15.1 | 10.4 | 96.1 | 3.8 | [102] |
| SDZ | 0.05 mM K2FeO4 | 100/800 | 30 | 5.1/100 | 7.0 | ~68.0 | ~52.0 | ~80.0 | ~0.7 | [74] |
| SMR | 0.05 mM K2FeO4 | 100/800 | 30 | 5.1/100 | 7.0 | ~70.0 | ~55.0 | ~82.0 | ~0.7 | [74] |
| SMX | 0.05 mM K2FeO4 | 100/800 | 30 | 5.1/100 | 7.0 | ~70.0 | ~56.0 | ~75.0 | ~0.6 | [74] |
| SMX | 45 mg/L SWCNs | 1000/180 | 60 | 2.5/1000 | 7.0 | 48.0 | 70.0 | 92.0 | 1.1 | [39] |