Table 2.
Modulators of TRPV1 function found in the female reproductive tract, seminal plasma, or spermatozoa in different mammals.
| TRPV1 Modulator | Female Reproductive Tract | Seminal Plasma/Spermatozoa | Animal Group * | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17-β-estradiol | X | Bovine, swine, rabbit, equine | [103,104,105] | |
| Anandamide (AEA) | X | X | Bovine, human, swine, murine | [14,106,107,108] |
| Arachidonic acid (AA) ** | X | Human | [109,110] | |
| Bradykinin | X | Swine | [111] | |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ** | X | Human | [109,110,112] | |
| Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) ** | X | Human | [109,110] | |
| H2S | X | X | Human | [113,114,115] |
| Hyaluronan | X | All mammals | [116,117] | |
| Insulin | X | Human | [118] | |
| Leukotriene B4 | X | Bovine | [119] | |
| Linoleic acid (LA) ** | X | Human | [109,110] | |
| miRNAs | X | X | Murine, bovine, human | [120,121,122] |
| N-acyl amino acids | X | X | Human | [123] |
| Nerve growth factors | X | Rabbit, bovine | [124,125] | |
| NO | X | X | Bovine, human, swine, mouse, equine | [113,115,126] |
| Oleoylethanolamine (OEA) | X | Bovine | [106] | |
| Opioids | X | Human | [127] | |
| Oxytocin | X | Human | [128] | |
| Palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) | X | Bovine | [106] | |
| pH variations | X | Human | [129] | |
| Progesterone | X | Bovine, swine, rabbit, equine | [103,104,105] | |
| Prostaglandins | X | Bovine | [126] | |
| Vitamin D | X | X | Human | [130,131,132] |
| α-linolenic acid (ALA) ** | X | Human | [109,110] |
* Example (but not limited to) of the animal species where the modulator was found. ** Component of the sperm phospholipid membrane.