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. 2021 Apr 21;13(9):1991. doi: 10.3390/cancers13091991

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Schematic diagram of photodynamic therapy (PDT). CDs penetrate the cell membrane and accumulate in the cytosol. Light irradiation activates CDs and induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to the cell lysis and death.