Figure 1.

Main pathophysiological mechanisms shared in developing CVD and cancer in individuals with sarcopenic obesity. AGEs = advanced glycation end products; CLS = crown-like structures; CVD = cardio-vascular disease; GLUT4 = glucose transporter type 4; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1; IL = interleukin; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; MCP-1 = monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; p53 = tumor protein P53; RAGE = receptor of advanced glycation end products; ROS = reactive oxygen species; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor α.