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. 2021 Apr 22;26(9):2446. doi: 10.3390/molecules26092446

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants. (a) Chemical structure of L-ascorbate. (b) Two alternative pathways, the D-galacturonate and the myo-inositol pathways, may contribute to L-ascorbate biosynthesis via L-galactonate and L-glucuronate, respectively, entering the L-galactose pathway. However, because hard proof for the existence of either pathway is missing for plants, the D-galacturonate and myo-inositol pathways are shown in light grey. L-GulLO, L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase; L-GalDH, L-galactose dehydrogenase; GDP-mannose epimerase (GME). Dashed arrows indicate multiple steps in between two points.