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. 2021 Apr 22;26(9):2446. doi: 10.3390/molecules26092446

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Carotenoid biosynthesis in higher plants. (a) Chemical structures of lutein and zeaxanthin. (b) Schematic drawing of some of the key steps in chloroplastidic carotenoid biosynthesis via the shikimate pathway. GGDP, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; GGPS, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; LCYB, lycopene β-ring hydroxylase; LCYE, lycopene ε-ring hydroxylase.