Table 1.
Potato phytonutrients discussed in this review article, range of amounts found in tubers, and health benefits for humans.
| Phytonutrient | Amount | Described Benefits | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B1 (thiamin) | 292–2325 ng g−1 FW | Growth and development, proper functioning of the heart, muscles and nervous system | [22,23,24,25] |
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | 2390 ng g−1 FW | anemia, neurological disorders, premenstrual syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer have been described | [63,64,65,66,67,68] |
| Vitamin B9 (folate) | 200–3000 ng g−1 DW | DNA and RNA synthesis, NADPH synthesis, production of red blood cells, critical during periods of rapid growth (e.g., pregnancy, fetal development), deficiency linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, anemia, some types of cancers, cognitive impairment, depression, and dementia | [83,84,85] |
| Vitamin C (ascorbate) | 22–122 mg g−1 DW | Collagen and carnitine maintenance, cholesterol turn over | [112] |
| Carotenoids (Zeaxanthin, β-carotene) | 3–36 µg g−1 DW | Decrease risk of cancer, diabetes, depression, macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease | [146,147,148,149,150,151] |
| Vitamin E (tocopherol) | 700 ng g−1 FW | Lipid peroxidation protection | [172,173,174,175,176] |
| Phenylpropanoids (CGA, kukoamines, flavonols, anthocyanins) | 1–41 mg g−1 DW | Slow release of glucose into bloodstream, promote gut health, mental acuity, decreased inflammation and risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, strokes, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, asthma, emphysema, high blood pressure | [221,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271] |
| Glycoalkaloids (SGA) | 1–20 mg g−1 FW in most cultivars but can be markedly higher. | Toxic at higher concentrations. Efficacy against numerous cancers. Boost immune system. Reduced microbial infections, antiviral. | [296,297,298,299,300,301,302,303,304] |