Table 5.
Plant stress-related metabolites and antioxidant activities of studied maize cultivars NK-8441, P-1543, NK-8711, and FH-985 with the application of biochar in tannery polluted Kasur and Sialkot soils.
| Soil | Biochar | Maize Variety | Soluble Sugars | Proline Content | Lipid Peroxidation | Ascorbate Peroxidase | Glutathione Peroxidase | Catalase | Superoxide Dismutase |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mg g−1) | (μmol g−1) | (mmol g−1) | (nmol min−1 mg−1) | (nmol min−1 mg−1) | (nmol min−1 mg−1) | (nmol min−1 mg−1) | |||
| K soil |
0% | NK-8441 | 37.6 ± 1.62 jk | 3.65 ± 0.16 ij | 69 ± 2.77 hi | 34.7 ± 1.30 jk | 46.1 ± 2.00 ij | 13.5 ± 0.45 hi | 132 ± 4.43 gh |
| P-1543 | 28.8 ± 1.57 lm | 2.81 ± 0.14 kl | 54 ± 1.93 jk | 26.0 ± 1.15 l | 34.9 ± 1.83 kl | 10.3 ± 0.40 jk | 94 ± 4.57 ij | ||
| NK-8711 | 46.2 ± 1.02 g–i | 4.71 ± 0.14 gh | 85 ± 2.77 fg | 43.1 ± 1.53 g–i | 57.4 ± 2.29 f–h | 16.8 ± 0.57 fg | 164 ± 5.18 ef | ||
| FH-985 | 56.6 ± 1.67 d–f | 5.87 ± 0.15 de | 104 ± 3.07 c–e | 52.4 ± 1.69 d–f | 69.1 ± 2.48 c–e | 20.3 ± 0.62 de | 203 ± 5.48 cd | ||
| 3% | NK-8441 | 24.5 ± 1.66 m | 2.59 ± 0.14 l | 43 ± 2.30 k | 21.4 ± 1.45 l | 26.0 ± 1.72 l | 8.1 ± 0.48 k | 83 ± 4.12 j | |
| P-1543 | 16.2 ± 1.23 n | 1.74 ± 0.11 m | 28 ± 1.54 l | 12.8 ± 1.17 m | 14.5 ± 1.52 m | 4.9 ± 0.34 l | 47 ± 3.85 k | ||
| NK-8711 | 32.9 ± 1.62 kl | 3.37 ± 0.15 jk | 57 ± 2.77 ij | 28.7 ± 1.30 kl | 37.4 ± 1.92 jk | 11.1 ± 0.51 ij | 114 ± 5.03 hi | ||
| FH-985 | 42.7 ± 1.27 h–j | 4.19 ± 0.17 hi | 74 ± 2.35 gh | 37.2 ± 1.45 h–j | 49.7 ± 2.10 g–i | 14.6 ± 0.54 gh | 147 ± 5.76 fg | ||
| S soil |
0% | NK-8441 | 61.6 ± 1.27 cd | 6.47 ± 0.12 cd | 114 ± 1.73 c | 57.8 ± 1.59 cd | 74.7 ± 1.91 c | 21.6 ± 0.55 cd | 215 ± 5.63 c |
| P-1543 | 51.6 ± 2.08 e–g | 5.56 ± 0.14 ef | 98 ± 3.00 d–f | 48.3 ± 1.45 e–g | 63.6 ± 1.92 d–f | 18.4 ± 0.55 ef | 179 ± 5.52 de | ||
| NK-8711 | 71.3 ± 1.30 b | 7.46 ± 0.17 b | 130 ±2.88 b | 67.3 ± 1.74 b | 86.9 ± 2.10 b | 24.8 ± 0.58 b | 252 ± 6.04 b | ||
| FH-985 | 83.7 ± 1.91 a | 8.36 ± 0.19 a | 146 ± 3.20 a | 76.8 ± 2.03 a | 98.3 ± 2.50 a | 27.8 ± 0.71 a | 289 ± 6.70 a | ||
| 3% | NK-8441 | 48.7 ± 1.69 f–h | 5.07 ± 0.13 fg | 91 ± 2.18 ef | 44.8 ± 1.38 f–h | 59.3 ± 2.19 e–g | 17.2 ± 0.49 fg | 168 ± 5.23 ef | |
| P-1543 | 38.5 ± 1.21 i–k | 4.24 ± 0.13 hi | 76 ± 2.77 gh | 35.2 ± 1.17 i–k | 47.7 ± 1.92 h–j | 14.0 ± 0.47 h | 135 ± 4.39 gh | ||
| NK-8711 | 57.5 ± 1.42 de | 6.02 ± 0.14 de | 107 ± 2.70 cd | 53.9 ± 1.66 de | 71.8 ± 2.21 cd | 20.3 ± 0.55 de | 207 ± 6.11 c | ||
| FH-985 | 69.1 ± 1.64 bc | 6.97 ± 0.15 bc | 129 ± 2.61 b | 65.8 ± 1.81 bc | 86.6 ± 2.41 b | 24.4 ± 0.60 bc | 252 ± 5.52 b |
The values are mean ± S.E. (n = 3). Mean values with different alphabetical letters are significantly different (p < 0.05) according to Tukey’s HSD test; K: Kasur soil; S: Sialkot soil.