Table 1.
Characteristics of the in vitro studies included in the systematic review.
| Authors, Year | Groups (n) | Teeth | Storage | Materials | Results (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vieira et al., 2003 [12] | G1—37% phosphoric acid + adhesive (10) + resin G2—2% CHX + 37% phosphoric acid + adhesive (10) + resin |
Molars | 0.1% Thymol | Adhesive: 3M Single Bond (3M, USA) Resin: FiltekTM Z250 (3M, USA) |
G1: 19.88 ± 1.04 G2: 17.99 ± 1.15 G1*/G2 |
| Correr et al., 2004 [16] | G1—35% phosphoric acid + adhesive 1 (15) G2—35% phosphoric acid + 10% NaOCl + adhesive 1 (15) G3—37% phosphoric acid + adhesive 2 (15) G4—37% phosphoric acid + 10% NaOCl + adhesive 2 (15) G5–Adhesive 3 (15) G6—10% NaOCl + adhesive 3 (15) + resin |
Molars | 0.5% Chloramine | Adhesive: 1–3M Single Bond; 2–Prime & Bond 2.1® (Dentsply, Brazil); 3–ClearfillTM SE Bond (Kuraray, Houston, TX, USA) Resin: FiltekTM Z250 (3M, USA) |
G1: 15.8 ± 1.9 G2: 14.6 ± 1.3 G3: 10.2 ± 0.7 G4: 9.9 ± 0.2 G5: 13.3 ± 1.2 G6: 10.7 ± 1.0 G1*/G3 |
| Monghini et al., 2004 [17] | G1—None (12) G2—Laser Er;YAG 60 mJ/2 Hz (12) G3—Laser Er;YAG 80 mJ/2 Hz (12) G4—Laser Er;YAG 100 mJ/2 Hz (12) + 35% phosphoric acid + adhesive + resin |
Canines | 0.9% Saline solution with 0.4% sodium azide | Adhesive: 3M Single Bond Laser: Kavo Key Laser 2 (Kavo Dental, Germany) Resin: FiltekTM Z250 |
G1:17.89 ± 4.75 G2:12.34 ± 4.85 G3:10.30 ± 3.67 G4:10.41 ± 4.20 G1*/G2;G3;G4 |
| Ersin et al., 2009 [18] | G1—25% polyacrlylic acid + 2% CHX + GIC 1 (sound dentin) (3) G2—25% polyacrlylic acid + 2% CHX + GIC 1 (carious dentin) (3) G3—25% polyacrlylic acid + GIC 1 (sound dentin) (3) G4—25% polyacrlylic acid + GIC 1 (carious dentin) (3) G5—2% CHX + GIC 2 (sound dentin) (3) G6—2% CHX + GIC 2 (carious dentin) (3) G7—GIC 2 (sound dentin) (3) G8—GIC 2 (carious dentin) (3) G9—37% phosphoric acid + 2% CHX + adhesive + resin (sound dentin) (3) G10–37% phosphoric acid + 2% CHX + adhesive + resin (carious dentin) (3) G11—37% phosphoric acid + adhesive + resin (sound dentin) (3) G12—37% phosphoric acid + adhesive + resin (carious dentin) (3) |
Molars | 0.1% Thymol | Adhesive: Prime & Bond®; GIC: 1–KetacTM Molar (3M, Germany); 2–VitremerTM (3M, USA) Resin–SurefilTM (Dentsply, USA) |
G1: 8.7 ± 4.3 G2: 7.1 ± 5.2 G3: 9.2 ± 5.2 G4: 10.3 ± 6.6 G5: 12.4 ± 5.7 G6: 14.4 ± 6.6 G7: 11.2 ± 4.8 G8: 13.8 ± 4.9 G9: 22.9 ± 6.9 G10: 23.2 ± 6.2 G11: 20.2 ± 5.8 G12: 22.1 ± 6.2 G9*/G1;G2;G3;G4;G5;G6;G7;G8 G10*/G1;G2;G3;G4;G5;G6;G7;G8 G11*/G1;G2;G3;G4;G5;G6;G7;G8 G12*/G1;G2;G3;G4;G5;G6;G7;G8 |
| Ricci et al., 2010 [19] | 35% phosphoric acid + G1—2% CHX + adhesive 1 (4) G2—deionized water + adhesive 1 (4) G3—2% CHX + adhesive 2 (4) G4—deionized water + adhesive 2 (4) G5—2% CHX + adhesive 3 (4) G6—deionized water + adhesive 3 (4) + resin |
Molars | NA | Adhesive: 1–AdperTM Single Bond (3M, USA); 2–Prime & Bond NT® (Dentsply, USA); 3–Excite® DSC (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) Resin: FiltekTM Z250 |
G1: 47.4 ± 9.5 G2: 41.4 ± 11.9 G3: 48.0 ± 9.8 G4: 40.8 ± 13.4 G5: 45.2 ± 9.2 G6: 43.4 ± 12.0 G1*/G2; G3*/G4 |
| Leitune et al., 2011 [20] | 37% phosphoric acid + G1—Adhesive (24 h) (10) G2—Adhesive (6 months) (10) G3—2% CHX + Adhesive (24 h) (10) G4—2% CHX + Adhesive (6 months) (10) |
Molars | Distilled water | Adhesive: AdperTM ScotchbondTM Multi Purpose (3M, USA) Resin: FiltekTM Z250 |
G1: 22.37 ± 3.69 G2: 19.93 ± 2.05 G3: 22.30 ± 3.66 G4: 24.48 ± 2.24 G2*/G4 |
| Scatena et al., 2011 [21] | G1–None (10) G2—Laser Er:YAG (80 mJ, 11 mm) (10) G3—Laser Er:YAG (80 mJ, 12 mm) (10) G4—Laser Er:YAG (80 mJ, 16 mm) (10) G5—Laser Er:YAG (80 mJ, 17 mm) (10) G6—Laser Er:YAG (80 mJ, 20 mm) (10) + 37% phosphoric acid + adhesive + resin |
Molars | 0.4% Sodium azide | Laser: Kavo Key Laser 2 Adhesive: 3M Single Bond Resin: FiltekTM Z250 |
G1: 7.32 ± 3.83 G2: 5.07 ± 2.62 G3: 6.49 ± 1.64 G4: 7.71 ± 0.66 G5: 7.33 ± 0.02 G6: 9.65 ± 2.41 G2*/G4;G6 |
| Manfro et al., 2012 [30] | 37% phosphoric acid + G1—water + adhesive (7) G2—water + adhesive (12 months) (7) G3—0.5% CHX + adhesive (7) G4—0.5% CHX + adhesive (12 months) (7) G5—2% CHX + adhesive (7) G6—2% CHX + adhesive (12 months) (7) + resin |
Molars | 0.5% Chloramine | Adhesive: 3M Single Bond Resin: FiltekTM Z250 |
G1: 50.8 ± 12.8 G2: 20.4 ± 3.7 G3: 49.3 ± 2.6 G4: 32.3 ± 7.9 G5: 44.0 ± 8.7 G6: 34.6 ± 5.1 G1*/G2; G2*/G4;G6; G3*/G4; G5*/G6 |
| Lenzi et al., 2012 [22] | 35% phosphoric acid + G1—distilled water + adhesive (sound dentin) (5) G2—2% CHX + adhesive (sound dentin) (5) G3—distilled water + adhesive (artificial caries) (5) G4—2% CHX + adhesive (artificial caries) (5) |
Molars | 0.5% Chloramine | Adhesive: AdperTM Single Bond 2 Resin: FiltekTM Z250 |
G1: 30.8 ± 2.2 G2: 32.8 ± 3.8 G3: 24.5 ± 3.8 G4: 25.6 ± 3.6 G1*/G3;G4; G2*/G3;G4 |
| Aras et al., 2013 [24] | G1—37% phosphoric acid (10) G2—37% phosphoric acid + 5% NaOCl (10) G3—5% NaOCl + 37% phosphoric acid (10) + adhesive + resin |
Molars | Distilled water | Adhesive: Gluma® Confort Bond (Herause-Kulzer, Germany) Resin: Charisma® (Herause-Kulzer, Germany) |
G1: 14.51 ± 2.89 G2: 18.45 ± 2.30 G3: 17.06 ± 2.99 G1*/G2 |
| Lenzi et al., 2014 [23] | 35% phosphoric acid + G1—distilled water + adhesive (sound dentin) (5) G2—distilled water + adhesive (sound dentin) (6 months) (5) G3—2% CHX (without rinsing) + adhesive (sound dentin) (5) G4—2% CHX (without rinsing) + adhesive (sound dentin) (6 months) (5) G5—distilled water + adhesive (artificial lesion) (5) G6—distilled water + adhesive (artificial lesion) (6 months) (5) G7—2% CHX (without rinsing) + adhesive (artificial lesion) (5) G8—2% CHX (without rinsing) + adhesive (artificial lesion) (6 months) (5) |
Molars | Distilled water | Adhesive: AdperTM Single Bond Resin: FiltekTM Z250 |
G1: 30.7 ± 2.2 G2: 25.9 ± 5.7 G3: 32.8 ± 3.8 G4: 31.3 ± 2.6 G5: 26.2 ± 5.4 G6: 20.0 ± 3.9 G7: 28.3 ± 3.4 G8: 26.9 ± 5.9 G1*/G5;G7; G2*/G6;G8 G3*/G5;G7 G4*/G6;G8 |
| Oznurhan et al., 2015 [25] | G1—2% CHX (2) G2—30% propolis (2) G3—Gaseous ozone (2) G4—Ozonated water (2) G5—Laser KTP (2) G6—None (2) + adhesive + resin |
Molars | Distilled water | Adhesive: AdperTM Prime & Bond NT® Resin: Tetric® N-Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechenstein) Laser: Smartlite D (Deka, Italy) |
G1: 7.58 ± 3.18 G2: 7.42 ± 2.28 G3: 5.84 ± 2.62 G4: 11.12 ± 2.41 G5: 9.58 ± 2.92 G6: 6.38 ± 2.47 G3*/G5; G4*/G1/G2/G3/G6 |
| Yildiz et al., 2015 [26] | G1—37% phosphoric acid (3) G2—37% phosphoric acid + Aqua-Prep™ (without rinsing) (3) G3—Laser Er:YAG (10 Hz, 8 mm) (3) + adhesive + resin |
Molars | Saline solution | Adhesive: AdperTM Single Bond 2 Resin: FiltekTM Z250 Laser: Fidelis Plus III (Fotona, Slovenia) Aqua-PrepTM (Bisco, USA) |
G1: 14.28 ± 5.22 G2: 18.35 ± 7.94 G3: 20.57 ± 9.02 G1*/G3 |
| Bahrololoomi et al., 2017 [27] | 35% phosphoric acid + G1–none (14) G2–2.5% NaOCl (14) G3–5.25% NaOCl (14) + adhesive + resin |
Molars | 0.5% Chloramine | Adhesive: One-Step® Plus (Bisco, USA) Resin: AELITE (Bisco, USA) |
G1: 13.56 ± 3.36 G2: 13.53 ± 3.64 G3: 14.36 ± 3.64 |
| Ebrahimi et al., 2018 [28] | G1—37% phosphoric acid + adhesive 1 (20) G2—37% phosphoric acid + adhesive 1 (3 months) (20) G3—37% phosphoric acid + adhesive 1 + 2% CHX (without rinsing) (20) G4—37% phosphoric acid + adhesive 1 + 2% CHX (without rinsing) (3 months) (20) G5—Adhesive 2 (20) G6—Adhesive 2 (3 months) (20) G7—Adhesive 2 (Primer) + 2% CHX (without rinsing) + adhesive 2 (bond) (20) G8—Adhesive 2 (primer) + 2% CHX (without rinsing) + adhesive 2 (bond) (3months) (20) |
Molars | 0.1% Thymol + water | Adhesive: 1–AdperTM Single Bond 2–ClearfilTM SE Bond Resin: FiltekTM Z250 |
G1: 25.43 ± 12.94 G2: 39.96 ± 21.75 G3: 66.45 ± 8.3 G4: 39.02 ± 23.29 G5: 47.83 ± 19.83 G6: 53.36 ± 18.05 G7: 46.25 ± 9.34 G8: 56.4 ± 22.18 G1*/G3 |
| Mohammadi et al., 2020 [29] | 37% phosphoric acid + G1–PBS (15) G2—2% CHX (without rinsing) (15) G3—2% Doxycycline (without rinsing) (15) G4—17% EDTA (15) + adhesive |
Anterior teeth | - | Adhesive: AdperTM Single Bond 2 Resin: FiltekTM Z250 |
G1: 6.20 ± 2.11 G2: 5.60 ± 2.69 G3: 8.82 ± 3.29 G4: 7.50 ± 3.94 G2*/G3 |
CHX–Chlorhexidine; EDTA–Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid; GIC–Glass Ionomer Cement; NaOCl–Sodium hypochlorite; *–Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).