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Simplified illustration of biological effects of S1P in inflammatory bone loss diseases. S1P is generated by activation of sphingosine kinases. S1P can be irreversibly degraded by S1P lyase or can be dephosphorylated by S1P phosphatase. S1P acts mainly as a chemokine to promote the chemotaxis of osteoclast precursors from blood circulation to bone and soft tissues. Additionally, S1P can induce RANKL production, which binds with RANK initiating osteoclastogenesis.
