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. 2021 Apr 23;22(9):4411. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094411

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Simplified illustration of biological effect of FTY720 in inflammatory bone loss diseases. FTY720 can internalize and partially degrade multiple S1PRs, including S1PR1, S1PR2, S1PR4, and S1PR5. FTY720 inhibits IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α inflammatory cytokine release by blocking PI3K, Akt, and ERK signaling pathways. FTY720 suppresses T lymphocyte egress from draining lymph nodes to the lymph and peripheral blood. Reduction of inflammatory cytokines and the number of T lymphocytes in the blood subsequently decreases monocytes and T lymphocytes in the bone and soft tissues. Additionally, FTY720 inhibits Nfact1, Ctsk, Acp5, and Oscar genes, suppressing RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.