. 2021 Apr 23;18(9):4514. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094514

Table 3.

Comparison of quadriceps strength between two groups.

Strength (in kg)	EMG-BF (n = 30) Mean ± SD	Control (n = 30) Mean ± SD	* ANOVA		Effect Size (Cohen’s d)
Strength (in kg)	EMG-BF (n = 30) Mean ± SD	Control (n = 30) Mean ± SD	F	p	Effect Size (Cohen’s d)
Baseline	11.47 ± 1.34	11.97 ± 1.11	2.49	0.178	0.41
Week 2	12.77 ± 1.19	12.44 ± 1.06	1.64	0.259	0.33
Week 4	14.06 ± 1.03	13.18 ± 1.08	4.37	0.0008	0.54
Week 6	15.25 ± 0.89	14.14 ± 1.07	5.50	0.0008	0.61

* Statistically significant if p < 0.05; EMG-BF, electromyographic biofeedback; effect size: small (0.20), medium (0.50), large (0.80).