Table 1.
Studies reporting on treatment with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and survival in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.
| Study/Year Published | CA Patients with ICD (n) |
AL Amyloi-dosis | ICD in Primary Prevention (n/%) | Criteria for ICD Implantation in Primary Prevention | LVEF | History of Syncope (n/%) | Appropriate ICD Therapy (n/%) | Inappropriate ICD Therapy (n/%) | Survival Directly Post-ICD Therapy (n/%) | Survival during Follow-Up after Appropriate ICD Therapy (n/%) | Overall Survival (n/%) | Follow-Up Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kristen et al. (2008) [27] | 19 | 19/19 (100%) | 19 (100%) | Syncope and/or frequent PVBs | ≤45% in 5 pts | 4 (21%) | 2 (11%) | 2 (11%) | 1/2 (50%) | 1/2(50%) | 10/19 (53%) | 811 ± 151 days |
| Kojima et al. (2012) [31] | 3 | 3/3 (100%) | 2 (67%) | NSVT | >55% | 267%) | 3 (100%) | 0 | 3/3 (100%) | 0/3 (0%) | 0/3 (0%) | 7 months (median) |
| Lin et al. (2013) [30] | 53 | 33/53 (62%) | 41 (77%) | LVEF ≤35% or syncope or NSVT | 48 ± 17% | UN | 15 (28%) | 6 (11%) | UN | UN | 21/53(40%) | 23.25 ± 21.45 months |
| Varr et al. (2014) [14] | 19 | 15/19 (79%) | 15 (79%) | Not specified | ≤45% in 5 pts | UN | 5 (26%) | UN | 4/5 (80%) | 1/4 (25%) | UN | 6–23 months |
| Harmon et al. (2016) [28] | 45 | 12/45 (27%) | 38 (84%) | LVEF ≤35% or pacing indication and LV GLS ≥−15% and/or NSVT/frequent PVBs with syncope or planned HTX | <50% in 31 pts <35% in 14 pts | 2 (4%) | 12 (27%) | 2 (4%) | 11/12 (92%) | UN | 27/45 (60%) | 17 ± 14 months |
| Chuzi et al. (2018) [33] | 31 | 14/31 (45%) | 25 (80%) | Not specified | 43 ± 14% | UN | 2 (6%) | 2 (6%) | 2/2 (100%) | UN | 19/31 (61%) | 15 ± 11 months |
| Rezc et al. (2018) [33] | 15 | 15/15 (100%) | 14 (93%) | NSVT and syncope/presyncope | 53% | 4 (27%) | 4 (27%) | UN | 3/4 (75%) | 2/4 (50%) | 13/15 (87%) | 49 months (median) |
| Kim et al. (2019) [30] | 23 | 7/23 (30%) | 23 (100%) | LVEF ≤35% or NSVT and/or syncope | 36 ± 14% | UN | 6 (26%) | 1 (4%) | 6/6 (100%) | 0/6 (0%) | 14/23 (61%) | 3.24 years (median) |
| Donellan et al. (2019) [37] | 38 | 0/38 (0%) | 35 (92%) | Not specified | - | UN | 8 (21%) | UN | UN | 2/8 (25%) | UN | 42 ± 26 months |
| Higgins et al. (2020) [34] | 472 | UN | 356 (75%) | Not specified | ≤30%in 236 pts; >30–40% in 99 pts; <40% in 119 pts | 116 (25%) | UN | UN | UN | UN | 345/472 (73%) | 42 months (median) |
| All studies | 718 | 118/246 (48%) | 569/718 (79%) | - | - | 128/554 (23%) | 57/246(23%) | 13/174 (7%) | 30/34 (88%) | 6/27 (22%) | 449/661 (68%) | - |
CA—cardiac amyloidosis; HTX—heart transplantation; ICD—implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; LVEF—left ventricular ejection fraction; LV GLS—left ventricular global longitudinal strain; UN—unknown; NSVT—non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; pts—patients, PVBs—premature ventricular beats.