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. 2021 Apr 25;18(9):4563. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094563

Table 2.

Main findings of children and/or adolescents HRQoL pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic.

Author Country Study Design Sample Size (Girls) Age (Years) Questionnaire HRQoL p-Value
Pre-Pandemic During-Pandemic
Abawi 2020 Netherlands Cross-Sectional 40 10.5 (7.6–15.2) PedsQL 66.2 (17.7) Change of
−6.3 (29.9)
0.26
Dragun (2020) Croatia Cross-Sectional 531 (384) 18 (6.0) Likert scale 8.0 (2.0) 7.0 (2.0) <0.001
Matos (2020) Brazil Cross-Sectional 25 children (10)
44 adolescents (25)
9.56 (1.47)
16.3 (1.67)
SF-36 - - <0.001 a
Ravens-Sieberer
(2021)
Germany Cross-Sectional 793 (396) 12.25 (3.30) KIDSCREEN-10 Low HRQol in Boys: 10.4% Low HRQol in Boys: 35.7 % <0.001
Low HRQol in Girls: 20.4% Low HRQol in Girls: 44.7 % <0.001
Low HRQol in Boys and girls: 15.3% Low HRQol in Boys and girls: 40.2 % <0.001
Proxy results of 7-to 10-years-olds: 7.4% Proxy results of 7-to 10-years-olds: 26.8% <0.001
Proxy results of 11-to 13-years-olds: 12.8% Proxy results of 11-to 13-years-olds: 14.5% <0.001
Vallejo-Slocker (2020) Spain Cross-Sectional 33 8–18 KIDSCREEN-10 50 (10) 50.4 (10.1) 0.4
Wunsch (2021) Germany Cross-Sectional 1711 4–10
11–17
KIDSCREEN-10 Male children 44.89 (3.92) Male children 40.68 (4.33)
Female children 45.49 (4.88) Female children 41.27 (4.34)
Male adolescents 43.87 (4.19) Male adolescents 40.77 (4.70)
Female adolescents 43.15 (4.32) Female adolescents 40.83 (4.27)

a: There was a significant decrease in all aspects of quality of life analyzed by the SF-36 (Functional capacity, Limitation by physical aspect, General Health Status, Vitality, Social Aspects, Emotional Aspects, and Mental Health) in both children and adolescents. Data can be checked in the original article. HRQoL: health-related quality of life. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019. PedsQL: Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Questionnaire.