Table 2.
Main findings of children and/or adolescents HRQoL pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic.
| Author | Country | Study Design | Sample Size (Girls) | Age (Years) | Questionnaire | HRQoL | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Pandemic | During-Pandemic | |||||||
| Abawi 2020 | Netherlands | Cross-Sectional | 40 | 10.5 (7.6–15.2) | PedsQL | 66.2 (17.7) | Change of −6.3 (29.9) |
0.26 |
| Dragun (2020) | Croatia | Cross-Sectional | 531 (384) | 18 (6.0) | Likert scale | 8.0 (2.0) | 7.0 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Matos (2020) | Brazil | Cross-Sectional | 25 children (10) 44 adolescents (25) |
9.56 (1.47) 16.3 (1.67) |
SF-36 | - | - | <0.001 a |
| Ravens-Sieberer (2021) |
Germany | Cross-Sectional | 793 (396) | 12.25 (3.30) | KIDSCREEN-10 | Low HRQol in Boys: 10.4% | Low HRQol in Boys: 35.7 % | <0.001 |
| Low HRQol in Girls: 20.4% | Low HRQol in Girls: 44.7 % | <0.001 | ||||||
| Low HRQol in Boys and girls: 15.3% | Low HRQol in Boys and girls: 40.2 % | <0.001 | ||||||
| Proxy results of 7-to 10-years-olds: 7.4% | Proxy results of 7-to 10-years-olds: 26.8% | <0.001 | ||||||
| Proxy results of 11-to 13-years-olds: 12.8% | Proxy results of 11-to 13-years-olds: 14.5% | <0.001 | ||||||
| Vallejo-Slocker (2020) | Spain | Cross-Sectional | 33 | 8–18 | KIDSCREEN-10 | 50 (10) | 50.4 (10.1) | 0.4 |
| Wunsch (2021) | Germany | Cross-Sectional | 1711 | 4–10 11–17 |
KIDSCREEN-10 | Male children 44.89 (3.92) | Male children 40.68 (4.33) | |
| Female children 45.49 (4.88) | Female children 41.27 (4.34) | |||||||
| Male adolescents 43.87 (4.19) | Male adolescents 40.77 (4.70) | |||||||
| Female adolescents 43.15 (4.32) | Female adolescents 40.83 (4.27) | |||||||
a: There was a significant decrease in all aspects of quality of life analyzed by the SF-36 (Functional capacity, Limitation by physical aspect, General Health Status, Vitality, Social Aspects, Emotional Aspects, and Mental Health) in both children and adolescents. Data can be checked in the original article. HRQoL: health-related quality of life. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019. PedsQL: Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Questionnaire.