Table 3.

List of top 40 high-frequency (HF) mutations and their corresponding BFE changes (unit: kcal/mol) of the binding of S protein and ACE2. Here, count shows the frequency occurred in 2021.

Rank	HF mutation	Count	BFE change	Rank	HF mutation	Count	BFE change
Top 1	N501Y	168,801	0.5499	Top 21	N450K	184	0.3535
Top 2	L452R	9843	0.5752	Top 22	E484Q	182	0.0057
Top 3	E484K	9350	0.0946	Top 23	P330S	182	0.0533
Top 4	S477N	9276	0.018	Top 24	A522V	179	0.0705
Top 5	N439K	6056	0.1792	Top 25	D427N	164	−0.1133
Top 6	T478K	4935	0.9994	Top 26	P479S	153	0.3844
Top 7	K417N	1634	0.1661	Top 27	V382L	151	0.0355
Top 8	K417T	1508	0.0116	Top 28	T385N	151	0.0049
Top 9	S494P	1483	0.0902	Top 29	Q414R	143	0.0708
Top 10	N501T	1295	0.4514	Top 30	R346K	135	0.1234
Top 11	A520S	819	0.1495	Top 31	T385I	127	0.0314
Top 12	A522S	621	0.1283	Top 32	R403K	121	0.1778
Top 13	V367F	536	0.1764	Top 33	L455F	99	−0.0415
Top 14	N440K	432	0.6161	Top 34	V483F	99	0.5428
Top 15	S477R	394	0.082	Top 35	A475V	96	0.3069
Top 16	P384L	389	0.2681	Top 36	G446V	86	0.1583
Top 17	R357K	373	0.1393	Top 37	L452M	83	0.5966
Top 18	F490S	363	0.4406	Top 38	A348S	82	0.4616
Top 19	P384S	263	0.1151	Top 39	T478I	81	0.1269
Top 20	Q414K	224	0.1234	Top 40	A352S	78	0.2576