Table 1.
Summary statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic and air pollution in Lombardy and Veneto.
| Itemsa | Regions |
|
|---|---|---|
| Lombardy | Veneto | |
| Population | 10,060,574 | 4,905,854 |
| Population density | 421.93 | 267.42 |
| Total number of COVID-19 cases | 85,775 | 19,030 |
| Total number of COVID-19 deaths | 15,662 | 1,832 |
| STAP | ||
| NO2 | 24.89 (11.13) | 20.16 (10.05) |
| O3 | 59.80 (19.45) | 60.23 (19.70) |
| PM2.5 | 18.44 (9.16) | 18.14 (14.55) |
| PM10 | 25.92 (13.62) | 29.47 (22.44) |
| SO2 | 2.23 (0.41) | 0.70 (0.32) |
| LTAP | ||
| NO2 | 41.06(0.21) | 32.88 (0.14) |
| O3 | 48.30 (0.19) | 45.89 (0.15) |
| PM2.5 | 23.23 (0.07) | 24.26 (0.04) |
| PM10 | 32.03 (0.06) | 33.83 (0.05) |
| SO2 | 2.82 (0.01) | 1.63 (0.01) |
| LOCKDOWNb | ||
| Yes | 1 (1.12) | 1 (1.12) |
| No | 88 (98.88) | 88 (98.88) |
a
The units of population, population density, total number of COVID-19 cases and deaths, short-term exposure to air pollution (STAP), long-term exposure to air pollution (LTAP), and lockdown implementation (LOCKDOWN) are expressed as persons, persons/km per, persons, persons, μg/m3, μg/m3, and day, respectively. For STAP and LTAP, the average concentration and standard deviation (in brackets) are presented; for LOCKDOWN, the means of days and standard deviations (in brackets) are shown.
b
Lockdown implementation (i.e., Yes) is defined as one or more provinces being locked down by Italy's government in Lombardy and Veneto since February 22, 2020.