Table 3.
Events/Disease States Occurring During Hospitalization Associated With Death
| Characteristic |
Overall (834) |
Univariate |
Multivariate |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive (N = 698) | Dead (N = 136) | P value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | ||
| Conditions during follow-up period, N (%) | – | – | – | ||||
| Intensive care unit | 259 (31.1) | 184 (26.4) | 75 (55.1) | <.001 | |||
| Venous thromboembolism | 4 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (1.5) | .1 | |||
| Intubation | 108 (12.9) | 70 (10.0) | 38 (27.9) | <.001 | |||
| Medications, N (%) | |||||||
| Antibiotics | 543 (65.1) | 430 (61.6) | 113 (83.1) | <.001 | – | – | – |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 725 (86.9) | 617 (88.4) | 108 (79.4) | .004 | – | – | – |
| Tocilizumab | 502 (60.2) | 406 (58.2) | 96 (70.6) | .007 | 1.2 | 0.7–1.9 | .5 |
| Remdesivir | 51 (6.1) | 38 (5.4) | 13 (9.5) | .07 | – | – | – |
| Steroid | 273 (32.7) | 207 (29.6) | 66 (48.5) | <.001 | 1.5 | 1.0–2.3 | .06 |
| Statin | 343 (41.1) | 298 (42.7) | 45 (33.1) | .04 | – | – | – |
| NSAID | 369 (44.2) | 315 (45.1) | 54 (39.7) | .2 | – | – | – |
| Disease states, N (%) | |||||||
| AST ≥5× ULN | 105 (12.6) | 84 (12.0) | 21 (15.4) | .3 | 1.4 | 0.8–2.6 | .2 |
| Ischemic | 102 (12.2) | 69 (9.9) | 33 (24.3) | <.001 | 2.4 | 1.4–4.0 | .001 |
| Hyperinflammatory | 484 (58.4) | 383 (55.0) | 101 (76.0) | <.001 | 1.9 | 1.2–3.1 | .02 |
| Hypercoagulable | 251 (30.6) | 186 (27.0) | 65 (50.0) | <.001 | 1.7 | 1.1–2.6 | .02 |
NOTE. Values are reported as median (ranges) unless otherwise specified. Ischemic state = vasopressor use for at least 2 days; hyperinflammatory state = any high-sensitivity C-reactive protein value ≥100 mg/L; hypercoagulable state = any D-dimer ≥5 mg/L. Because all patients on vasopressors were in the intensive care unit and most were intubated and on antibiotics and/or hydroxychloroquine, these variables were not entered in the multivariable model.
AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CI, confidence interval; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; ULN, upper limit of normal.