Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies and availability of data.
| First Author, Year | Country | Study Design | Number of Patients | Population | Reference Standard | NAFLD (%) | FLI < 30 | FLI ≥ 60 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koehler, 2013 [12] | The Netherlands | PCS | 2652 | ≥55 years, without secondary causes of FLD (alcohol, virus, drugs) | US | 925 (35%) | x | x |
| Zelber-Sagi, 2013 [13] | Israel | Cross-sectional | 338 | 24–70 years, without secondary causes of FLD (alcohol, virus, drugs, inflammatory bowel disease, prior surgery that could cause FLD, or celiac disease) | US | 105 (31%) | - | x |
| Arteaga, 2014 [14] | Spain | Cross-sectional | 702 | 15–85 years, without known liver diseases or secondary causes of FLD (alcohol, virus) | US | 184 (26%) | x | x |
| Carvalho Goulart, 2015 [15] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 195 | 35–75 years, without pregnancy, known liver disease or secondary causes of FLD (alcohol, virus) | CT | 67 (34%) | x | x |
| Huang, 2015 [16] | China | Cross-sectional | 8626 | ≥40 years, without secondary causes of FLD (alcohol, virus, drugs, autoimmune disorders) | US | 2442 (28%) | x | x |
| Procino, 2018 [17] | Italy | PCS | 2970 | ≥30 years, without known liver disease or secondary causes of FLD (alcohol, virus, autoimmune or genetic disorders) | US | 937 (32%) | x | x |
| Chen, 2020 [18] | Taiwan | - | 1371 | >30 years, without pregnancy or secondary causes of FLD (alcohol, virus, drugs, gastric bypass surgery, autoimmune, genetic or metabolic disorders) | US | 625 (46%) | x | x |
| Jung, 2020 [19] | Korea | RCS | 1301 | >30 years, without known liver diseases or secondary causes of FLD (alcohol, virus, autoimmune, genetic or metabolic disorders) | MR | 392 (30%) | x | x |
| McHenry, 2020 [20] | USA | PCS | 2139 | 18–65 years, without secondary causes of FLD (alcohol) | MR | 661 (31%) | x | x |
| Murayama, 2021 [21] | Japan | Cross-sectional | 6927 | 21–86 years, without secondary causes of FLD (alcohol, virus) | US | 1935 (28%) | x | x |
CT, computed tomography; FLD, fatty liver disease; FLI, fatty liver index; MR, magnetic resonance; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PCS, prospective cohort study; RCS, retrospective cohort study; US, ultrasound; -, not reported; x, retrieved data.