Figure 4.

Biofilm inhibition determined by biofilm biomass using the crystal violet assay. (A,B) S. aureus, (C,D) E. faecalis and (E,F) F. nucleatum biofilm biomass after 24 h incubation with 0.1% and 0.01% w/v peptide concentration of NapFFεKεK-OH. Results are displayed as the average (±standard error) of three independent experiments (three replicates per experiment). All comparisons were made with the appropriate vehicle control. Mann–Whitney non parametric testing was employed for statistical analysis. ns: no significant difference (p > 0.05), **: p ≤ 0.01, ***: p ≤ 0.001.