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. 2021 Apr 27;14(9):2237. doi: 10.3390/ma14092237

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Heat map showing the expression of growth factors/cytokines in conditioned media from DPSCs following 14 days encapsulation in 0.5% w/v NapFFεKεK-OH hydrogels versus 2D culture. Heat map comparison showed upregulation of ANG, EGF, ENA-78, bFGF, leptin, PDGR-BB, VEGF and VEGF-D, along with downregulation of IFN-γ, IGF-1, IL-6, PLGF, RANTES, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, I-309, IL-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, I-TAC, MCP-3, MCP-4, MMP-1, MMP-9, TIE-2 and TNFα in 0.5% w/v NapFFεKεK-OH 3D hydrogel, compared with 2D culture. The heat map was generated in Excel using a 3-colour scale whereby red colour represents no expression above baseline, yellow represents the median expression level of the dataset and green represents the 90% percentile of the expression levels obtained. Colour shading and associated arbitrary values were then generated automatically by Excel. Results represent pooled conditioned media collected from six replicates. Abbreviations: angiogenin (ANG); epidermal growth factor (EGF); epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78); basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); growth-regulated alpha protein (GRO-α); interferon gamma (IFN-γ); insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); interleukin-6 (IL-6); interleukin-8 (IL-8); leptin; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); platelet-derived growth factor BB (PGDF-BB); placental growth factor (PLGF); regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES); transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1); tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1); tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2); thrombopoietin (THPO); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D); angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1); angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2); plasminogen (PLG); endostatin; granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF); granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); T lymphocyte-secreted protein I-309 (I-309); interleukin-10 (IL-10); interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α); interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β); interleukin-2 (IL-2); interleukin-4 (IL-4); interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC); monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3); monocyte chemoattractant protein-4 (MCP-4); matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1); matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9); platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1); tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains (TIE-2); tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR); vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF R2); vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGF R3).