Figure 4.
BLBP inhibition by PPAR antagonists and DHA decreased migration and invasion. (a) When treated with PPAR antagonists (15 µM), there was a significant reduction in the wound closure rate for both (i) BXD-1425EPN and (ii) DKFZ-EP1. (b) DHA treatment also significantly decreased wound closure rates in BXD-1425EPN (BXD) and DKFZ-EP1 (DKFZ) cell lines. (c) (i) Invasion of BXD-1425EPN spheroids through CultrexTM Basement Membrane Extract was distinctly reduced by the dual PPAR-(γ/δ) antagonist FH535 and the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662. (ii) Quantification of the relative spheroid outgrowth confirmed a time-dependent significant reduction in invasion (n = 3). (d) (i,ii) BXD-1425EPN spheroid invasion was also reduced over 192 h following treatment with DHA. Scale bars represent 100 µm; n = 3. p-values are presented as * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, *** < 0.005, **** < 0.001.