Table 1.
Metabolic effects in male and female rats orally treated for 28 days with binary mixtures of BPA and DEHP: C (0 mg/kg bw per day–olive oil); Mix B2D9 (BPA 2 mg/kg bw per day + DEHP 9 mg/kg bw per day), Mix B6D21 (BPA 6 mg/kg bw per day + DEHP 21 mg/kg bw per day), Mix B18D48 (BPA 18 mg/kg bw per day + DEHP 48 mg/kg bw per day), Mix B2D48 (BPA 2 mg/kg bw per day + DEHP 48 mg/kg bw per day) and Mix B18D9 (BPA 18 mg/kg bw per day + DEHP 9 mg/kg bw per day). Kruskal-Wallis ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05. § two-tailed Fisher exact test p < 0.05. PND: postnatal day. M: mean. SEM: standard error of the mean.
| Endpoint | Sex | C | B2D9 | B6D21 | B18D48 | B2D48 | B18D9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight gain (g; M ± SEM) |
Male | 296 ± 5 (n = 9) |
311 ± 16 (n = 8) |
331 ± 10 * (n = 8) |
300 ± 11 n = 8) |
304 ± 9 (n = 7) |
292 ± 10 (n = 8) |
| Female | 162 ± 4 (n = 9) |
165 ± 10 (n = 7) |
176 ± 4 (n = 7) |
167 ± 10 (n = 8) |
176 ± 6 (n = 8) |
157 ± 6 (n = 8) |
|
| Feed consumption (g; M ± SEM) |
Male | 19.66 ± 0.38 (n = 9) |
19.25 ± 0.49 (n = 8) |
21.60 ± 1.14 (n = 8) |
20.42 ± 0.84 (n = 8) |
19.51 ± 0.8 (n = 7) |
18.47 ± 0.82 (n = 8) |
| Female | 14.85 ± 0.85 (n = 9) |
13.03 ± 0.26 * (n = 7) |
15.52 ± 0.32 (n = 7) |
14.66 ± 0.52 (n = 8) |
16.511.18 (n = 8) |
12.57 ± 0.78 * (n = 8) |
|
| Liver absolute weight (g; M ± SEM) |
Male | 10.72 ± 1.60 (n = 9) |
15.36 ± 1.16 *(n = 8) |
15.98 ± 0.55 **(n = 8) |
16.81 ± 0.81 **(n = 7) |
13.82 ± 0.75 (n = 6) |
15.28 ± 0.88 (n = 7) |
| Female | 7.20 ± 0.83 (n = 9) |
8.49 ± 0.59 (n = 7) |
8.22± 0.26 (n = 7) |
7.40 ± 0.27 (n = 8) |
8.88 ± 0.26 (n = 8) |
8.88 ± 0.68 (n = 8) |
|
| Liver relative weight (×100; M ± SEM) |
Male | 4.05 ± 0.15 (n = 9) |
4.23 ± 0.36 (n = 8) |
4.41 ± 0.08 (n = 8) |
4.63 ± 0.13 * (n = 7) |
3.69 ± 0.54 (n = 6) |
4.06 ± 0.21 (n = 7) |
| Female | 4.00 ± 0.12 (n = 9) |
3.78 ± 0.15 (n = 7) |
3.62 ± 0.12 (n = 7) |
3.95 ± 0.13 (n = 8) |
3.84 ± 0.10 (n = 8) |
3.53 ± 0.08 * (n = 8) |
|
| Liver extramedullary hematopoiesis |
Male | 0/9 | 0/8 | 3/8 § | 0/7 | 0/8 | 0/8 |
| Female | 0/9 | 0/7 | 3/7 § | 0/5 | 1/8 | 0/8 | |
| Liver inflammatory cell foci |
Male | 5/9 | 7/8 | 5/8 | 7/7 § | 6/8 | 5/8 |
| Female | 3/9 | 7/7 § | 4/7 | 4/5 | 5/8 | 6/8 | |
| Liver hepatocytic vacuolation |
Male | 5/9 | 1/8 | 2/8 | 0/7 § | 3/8 | 0/8 § |
| Female | 1/9 | 0/7 | 0/7 | 0/5 | 0/8 | 1/8 | |
| Adiponectin serum levels (ng/mL) |
Male | 474 ± 116 (n = 6) |
531 ± 121 (n = 5) |
772 ± 130 (n = 5) |
485 ± 85 (n = 5) |
1714 ± 144 ** (n = 7) |
667 ± 168 (n = 5) |
| Female | 838 ± 173 (n = 5) |
499 ± 166 (n = 6) |
367 ± 92 (n = 5) |
2127 ± 184 ** (n = 8) |
1004 ± 390 * (n = 6) |
838 ± 173 (n = 5) |
|
| Leptin serum levels (ng/mL) |
Male | 7.65 ± 0.62 (n = 5) |
6.12 ± 1.27 (n = 6) |
6.45 ± 1.12 (n = 6) |
6.50 ± 1.34 * (n = 6) |
0.15 ± 0.02 * (n = 7) |
5.03 ± 0.64 (n = 6) |
| Female | 4.44 ± 0.84 (n = 5) |
3.24 ± 0.53 (n = 6) |
1.90 ± 0.60 (n = 6) |
1.47 ±0.44 ** (n = 6) |
0.14 ± 0.02 ** (n = 7) |
1.86 ± 0.46 * (n = 6) |