Table 2.
Endocrine effects of male and female rats orally treated for 28 days with binary mixtures of BPA and DEHP: C (0 mg/kg bw per day–olive oil); Mix B2D9 (BPA 2 mg/kg bw per day + DEHP 9 mg/kg bw per day), Mix B6D21 (BPA 6 mg/kg bw per day + DEHP 21 mg/kg bw per day), Mix B18D48 (BPA 18 mg/kg bw per day + DEHP 48 mg/kg bw per day), Mix B2D48 (BPA 2 mg/kg bw per day + DEHP 48 mg/kg bw per day) and Mix B18D9 (BPA 18 mg/kg bw per day + DEHP 9 mg/kg bw per day). Kruskal-Wallis ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05. PND: postnatal day. M: mean. SEM: standard error of the mean.
| Endpoint | Sex | C | B2D9 | B6D21 | B18D48 | B2D48 | B18D9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal absolute weight (g; M ± SEM) |
Male | 0.07 ± 0.02 (n = 9) |
0.12 ± 0.02 (n = 8) |
0.12 ± 0.07 (n = 8) |
0.11 ± 0.01 (n = 8) |
0.11 ± 0.03 (n = 7) |
0.12 ± 0.01 (n = 8) |
| Female | 0.07 ± 0.01 (n = 9) |
0.09 ± 0.04 (n = 7) |
0.09 ± 0.02 (n = 6) |
0.10 ± 0.01* (n = 8) |
0.12 ± 0.03 ** (n = 8) |
0.09 ± 0.02 (n = 8) |
|
| Adrenal relative weight (X100; M ± SEM) |
Male | 0.03 ± 0.01 (n = 9) |
0.03 ± 0.01 (n = 8) |
0.03 ± 0.02 (n = 8) |
0.03 ± 0.01 (n = 8) |
0.03 ± 0.01 (n = 7) |
0.04 ± 0.01 (n = 7) |
| Female | 0.04 ± 0.00 (n = 9) |
0.04 ± 0.01 (n = 7) |
0.04 ± 0.01 (n = 6) |
0.05 ± 0.01 (n = 8) |
0.05 ± 0.01 * (n = 8) |
0.04 ± 0.01 (n = 8) |
|
| Adrenal cortex area (mm2; M ± SEM) |
Male | 4.07 ± 0.97 (n = 5) |
4.60± 0.29 (n = 8) |
5.35 ± 0.43 (n = 8) |
4.98 ± 0.29 (n = 7) |
5.50 ± 0.58 (n = 6) |
4.14 ± 0.17 (n = 6) |
| Female | 3.75 ± 1.08 (n = 5) |
4.21± 0.44 (n = 7) |
4.51 ± 0.46 (n = 6) |
6.28 ± 0.29 * (n = 6) |
5.94 ± 0.57 (n = 6) |
4.93 ± 0.67 (n = 6) |
|
| Adrenal medulla area (mm2; M ± SEM) |
Male | 0.53 ± 0.14 (n = 5) |
1.02 ± 0.18 (n = 8) |
0.88 ± 0.17 (n = 8) |
0.61 ± 0.07 (n = 7) |
0.73 ± 0.12 (n = 6) |
0.67 ± 0.15 (n = 6) |
| Female | 0.59 ± 0.16 (n = 5) |
0.84 ± 0.12 (n = 7) |
0.54 ± 0.10 (n = 6) |
0.91 ± 0.04 * (n = 6) |
0.81 ± 0.21 (n = 6) |
0.58 ± 0.08 (n = 6) |
|
| Thyroid follicular epithelium areas (mm2; M ± SEM) |
Male | 435 ± 32 (n = 7) |
397 ± 100 (n = 6) |
504 ± 28 (n = 7) |
305 ± 17 ** (n = 8) |
415 ± 62 (n = 5) |
355 ± 101 (n = 6) |
| Female | 326 ± 19 (n = 7) |
746 ± 237 (n = 6) |
660 ± 235 (n = 7) |
1854 ± 536 (n = 8) |
470± 103 (n = 5) |
285 ± 65 (n = 5) |
|
| Thyroid follicular epithelium areas/number of cells (mm2/n; M ± SEM) |
Male | 19.10 ± 1.91 (n = 7) |
34.23 ± 11.86 (n = 6) |
22.06 ± 1.46 (n = 7) |
18.16 ± 1.26 (n = 8) |
21.41 ± 1.58 (n = 5) |
21.08 ± 4.61 (n = 6) |
| Female | 17.42 ± 1.51 (n = 7) |
38.36 ± 12.10 (n = 6) |
26.25 ± 6.97 (n = 7) |
47.04 ± 17.44 * (n = 8) |
24.43 ± 2.44 * (n = 5) |
11.53 ± 2.20 (n = 5) |