Table 2.
Key findings from selected trials of pediatric-based regimens for AYA and adult Ph− ALL. The projected overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS) and event-free survival(EFS) at ≥3 years are shown. Data are ordered according to increasing patient age groups.
| Age Groups and Trials (Ref.) | Patient Age (Years), Median (Range) | No. of Patients | Outcome Estimates (y, Years) |
OS (%) | RFS (%) | EFS (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum age ≤ 25 years | ||||||
| FRALLE-93 1 [30] | 15.9 (15–20) | 77 | 5-y | 78 | 72 | 67 |
| CCG 1882/191 1 [31] | 16 (16–20) | 197 | 7-y | 67 | - | 63 |
| JALSG ALL202-U [32] | 19 (15–24) | 139 | 5-y | 73 | 67 | - |
| CCG 19,61 1 [33] | (16–21) | 262 | 5-y | 78 | - | 72 |
| MRC UKALL 2003 [11] | (16–24) | 229 | 5-y | 76 | - | 72 |
| Maximum age ≤ 40 years | ||||||
| PETHEMA ALL-96 [34] | 20 (15–30) | 81 | 6-y | 69 | - | 61 |
| PETHEMA ALLRE08 [35] | 20 (15–30) | 66 | 5-y | 74 | - | - |
| MDACC (augmented BFM) * [36] | 22 (13–39) | 106 | 5-y | 60 | - | - |
| CALGB 10,403 [37] | 24 (17–39) | 295 | 3-y | 73 | 66 | 59 |
| FRALLE 2000-BT [38] | (15–29) | 89 | 5-y | 66 | - | 61 |
| GMALL 07/03 [39] | (15–35) | 887 | 5-y | 65 | 61 | - |
| GIMEMA LAL1308 [40] | (18–35) | 76 | 4-y | 60 | 60 | - |
| HOVON-100 1 [41] | (18–40) | 159 | 5-y | 60–56 2 | 58 | 61–64 2 |
| Maximum age ≤ 55 years | ||||||
| NOPHO ALL2008 [14] | 26 (18–45) | 221 | 5-y | 78 | - | - |
| DFCI 01–175 1 [42] | 28 (18–50) | 92 | 4-y | 67 | 69 | 69 |
| DFCI 06–254 1 [43] | 32 (18–50) | 89 | 3-y | 75 | 73 | 73 |
| GMALL 07/03 [44] | 35 (15–55) | 1226 | 3-y | 60–67 3 | - | - |
| Maximum age > 55 years | ||||||
| RALL 2009 [45] | 30 (15–60) | 250 | 4-y | 66 | 69 | - |
| GRAALL-2003 [46] | 31 (15–60) | 225 | 3.5-y | 60 | 59 | 55 |
| GRAALL-2005 [47] | 36 (18–59) | 787 | 5-y | 59 | - | 52 |
| Toronto (DFCI 91–01) [48] | 37 (18–60) | 85 | 5-y | 63 | 71 | - |
| PETHEMA ALL-HR-11 [49] | 40 (15–60) | 348 | 5-y | 49 | - | 40 |
| JALSG ALL 202-O [50] | 40 (24–65) | 115 | 5-y | 64 | 58 | - |
| NILG 10/07 4 [51] | 41 (18–65) | 161 | 5-y | 52 | 53 | 46 |
* Outcome not improved in comparison with historical, traditional adult-type treatment; outcome was comparatively improved in all other studies without an asterisk (figures not reported, available in references); 1 including a proportion of patients with Ph+ ALL (exact figures in study in trial reports); 2 by randomization arm (+/–Clofarabine); 3 referred to two different Pegylated-Asparaginase treatment cohorts; 4 outcome estimates for 135 patients 18–55 years: 5-year OS 60%, RFS 56%, EFS 52%. Abbreviations: CALGB, Cancer and Leukemia Group B; CCG, Children’s Cancer Group; DFCI, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; GIMEMA, Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell’Adulto; GMALL, German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL; GRAALL, Group for Research on Adult ALL; HOVON, Hemato-Oncology Foundation for Adults in the Netherlands; JALSG, Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group; MDACC, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; NILG, Northern Italy Leukemia Study Group; NOPHO, Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; PETHEMA, Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematología; RALL, Russian ALL Study Group; UKALL, United Kingdom ALL Study Group.