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. 2021 May 11;17:1413–1421. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S311018

Table 3.

Associations between demographics and scale scores (ANOVA and t-tests)

CES-D, mean (SD) P IES-R, mean (SD) P SS, mean (SD) P
Sex Male 15.38 (4.62) <0.001 10.83 (12.48) <0.001 24.81 (8.10) 0.184
Female 18.13 (6.22) 16.15 (16.15) 25.76 (7.87)
Occupation Retired 16.13 (16.13) 0.033 12.40 (12.57) <0.001 24.89 (9.30) 0.931
Employed (public) 17.36 (5.87) 15.88 (16.79) 25.39 (7.58)
Employed (private) 15.61 (4.57) 10.32 (10.97) 25.61 (7.73)
Self-employed 15.35 (5.42) 9.64 (12.60) 26.03 (4.68)
Unemployed 17.60 (6.09) 14.41 (15.59) 25.07 (8.00)
Student 18.00 (6.89) 34.16 (23.01) 27.96 (4.57)
Education Elementary or below 15.22 (4.28) 0.052 6.95 (10.13) 0.014 20.75 (8.00) 0.045
Middle 15.79 (5.05) 11.71 (13.30) 24.57 (8.88)
High 17.45 (6.20) 15.34 (15.69) 25.99 (7.80)
Undergraduate 16.99 (5.61) 14.25 (14.91) 25.10 (8.30)
Postgraduate 15.56 (4.50) 9.84 (11.95) 26.04 (5.88)
Marital status Single 16.68 (5.59) 0.628 14.52 (15.32) 0.867 25.81 (7.15) 0.533
Married 16.76 (5.64) 13.31 (14.52) 25.22 (8.11)
Divorced 15.28 (4.64) 13.14 (15.92) 26.34 (10.99)
Widowed 19.00 (7.78) 11.12 (15.46) 21.66 (8.68)