AMPAR	α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
NP	neuropathic pain
IASP	International Association for the Study of Pain
ICD	International Classification of Diseases
SCI	spinal cord injury
CCI	chronic constriction injury
DRG	dorsal root ganglia
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
IL-1β	interleukin-1β
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
PKC	protein kinase C
DAG	diacylglycerol
cGMP	cyclic guanosine monophosphate
TRPA1	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1
TRPV1	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1,
TRPM8	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8
PKA	protein kinase A
PKC	protein kinase C
SCS	spinal cord stimulation
FBSS	failed back surgery syndrome
CRPS	complex regional pain syndrome
TCAs	Tricyclic antidepressants
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
SVZ	subventricular zone
Glu-R	glutamate receptor
GFAP	Glial fibrillary acidic protein
IBA-1	Ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
hMSCs	human mesenchymal stem cells
SNI	spared nerve injury
NSCs	neural stem cells
MSCs	mesenchymal stem cells
BM-MSCs	bone marrow-derived MSC
hBMSC	human bone marrow-derived MSC
AD-MSCs	adipose tissue-derived MSC
UCB-MSC	umbilical cord blood-derived stem cell
hUB-MSC	human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell
WJ-MSCs	Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs
SLNC	single ligature nerve constriction
DPSC	dental pulp stem cell
GDNF	glial-derived neurotrophic factor,
VEGF	vascular endothelial factor
NGF	nerve growth factor
TGF-β1	transforming growth factor-β1
Glu-R	glutamate receptor
NMDAR	N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor
ALS	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis