Table 1.
Effects and targets of chemotherapeutic drugs on mitochondrial and cellular oxidative stress.
| Chemotherapeutic Drug | Target | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthracyclines: Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, and Daunorubicin | Topoisomerase II | ↑ ROS | [290] |
| Doxorubicin | Electron transport system (ETS) | [289] | |
| Alkylating agents, camptothecins, and topoisomerase inhibitors | DNA topoisomerase I |
↑ ROS | [291,292,293] |
| Vinca alkaloids, Taxanes, and Antimetabolites (antifolates and nucleoside) | Cytoskeleton, β-tubulin | ↓ ROS | [289] |
| Arsenic trioxide | Complexes I and II of the ETC | ↓ ΔΨm ↑ ROS | [294,295] |
| Imexon | GSH and cysteine | ↓ GSH ↑ ROS | [296] |
| Mangafodipir | SOD | Increase in H2O2 levels that trigger apoptosis | [298] |
| Cisplatin | DNA | DNA adducts, and ROS generation |
[299] |
| 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) | ↑ P-gp ↑ DDHs |
Chemoresistance ↑ ROS Chemoresistance |
[304,305,306] |
↑: represents the increased production, in the case of ROS, or increased expression levels of P-gp or DDHs. ↓: represents the decrease in ROS production or mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), or decreased expression levels of GSH.