Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the 4 study groups: mean ± SD/frequency count.
| Control (n = 86) | AUD (n = 132) | HIV (n = 54) | AUD + HIV (n = 49) | p-Value * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (men/women) | 47/39 | 91/41 | 36/18 | 31/18 | n.s. |
| Age (years) | 54.5 ± 11.8 | 53.0 ± 9.8 | 57.7 ± 7.9 | 57.1 ± 6.6 | 0.007 |
| Self-Defined Ethnicity (Caucasian/AA a/other b) | 52/13/21 | 57/56/19 | 28/19/7 | 7/35/7 | <0.0001 |
| Handedness (Right/Left/Ambidexterous) | 79/3/4 | 112/17/3 | 50/3/1 | 42/6/1 | n.s. |
| Body Mass Index | 26.1 ± 4.4 | 28.0 ± 4.8 | 26.2 ± 4.8 | 27.1 ± 4.5 | 0.02 |
| Education (years) | 16.4 ± 2.5 | 13.1 ± 2.5 | 13.9 ± 2.5 | 13.0 ± 2.3 | <0.0001 |
| Socioeconomic Status c | 23.5 ± 11.1 | 42.9 ± 15.8 | 36.8 ± 15.0 | 43.7 ± 13.2 | <0.0001 |
| Global Assessment of Functioning | 85.6 ± 6.7 | 68.0 ± 10.2 | 71.7 ± 11.1 | 66.6 ± 8.9 | <0.0001 |
| Smoker (never/past/current) | 80/2/4 | 30/31/71 | 30/11/13 | 15/10/24 | <0.0001 |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II | 1.5 ± 2.3 | 8.8 ± 8.0 | 6.9 ± 6.1 | 8.7 ± 7.6 | <0.0001 |
| WTAR IQ | 107.9 ± 10.8 | 96.9 ± 13.3 | 97.7 ± 13.6 | 89.9 ± 12.9 | <0.0001 |
| AUD onset age | - | 25.4 ± 9.7 | - | 23.5 ± 8.7 | n.s. |
| Lifetime Alcohol Consumption | - | 1400.1 ± 1182.3 | - | 1140.3 ± 1001.0 | n.s. |
| Days since last drink | - | 234.2 ± 719.3 | - | 360.2 ± 1216.72 | n.s. |
| AUDIT d scores | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 17.8 ± 11.2 | 2.3 ± 2.5 | 10.2 ± 10.3 | <0.0001 |
| HIV onset age (years) | - | 36.5 ± 10.1 | 35.0 ± 7.1 | n.s. | |
| HIV duration (years) | - | - | 21.4 ± 8.1 | 22.2 ± 5.7 | n.s. |
| CD4 cell count (100/mm3) | - | - | 667.1 ± 256.6 | 660.6 ± 333.1 | n.s. |
| CD4 cell count nadir (100/mm3) | - | - | 196.3 ± 160.0 | 183.9 ± 176.4 | n.s. |
| Viral Load (log copies/mL) | - | - | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | n.s. |
| AIDS-defining event (yes/no) e | - | - | 30/24 | 32/17 | n.s. |
| HAART (yes/no) | - | - | 49/5 | 45/4 | n.s. |
| Efavirinz, including Atripla (yes/no) | - | - | 2/52 | 4/45 | n.s. |
| VACS Index | 17.8 ± 13.3 | 18.5 ± 12.6 | 34.0 ± 17.4 | 32.0 ± 15.8 | <0.0001 |
| Karnofsky score | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 99.8 ± 2.1 | 99.4 ± 3.1 | 98.8 ± 3.9 | n.s. |
| Hepatitis C Virus (positive/negative/missing) | 0/72/14 | 24/99/9 | 13/35/8 | 20/24/5 | <0.0001 |
| Treatment for HCV infection f (yes/no/missing) | - | 7/120/5 | 4/48/2 | 5/43/1 | n.s. |
* 4-group comparisons: ANOVA used on continuous variables (e.g., age); χ2 used on nominal variables (e.g., handedness). a AA = African American; b other = Native American, Asian, Islander; c lower score = higher status; d AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; e including AIDS-defining illness or CD4 prior nadir < 200 cells/μL; f self report of HCV treatment; bold = significant.