Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| Overall (n = 79) | Confirmed TB (n = 5) | Unconfirmed TB (n = 50) | Unlikely TB (n = 4) | Controls (n = 20) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 28 (35%) | 1 (20%) | 21 (42%) | 1 (25%) | 5 (25%) | 0.530 |
| Male | 51 (65%) | 4 (80%) | 29 (58%) | 3 (75%) | 15 (75%) | |
| Median age (IQR) months | 76 (58–121) | 95 (51–128) | 76 (51–122) | 152 (98–165) | 70 (58–94) | 0.109 |
| <5 yrs. | 24 (30%) | 1 (20%) | 16 (32%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (35%) | 0.654 |
| ≥5 yrs. | 55 (70%) | 4 (80%) | 34 (68%) | 4 (100%) | 13 (65%) | |
| BCG scar (n = 74) | 56 (76%) | 3 (60%) | 35 (78%) | 2 (50%) | 16 (80%) | 0.390 |
| TST or QFT-GIT positive | 55 (93%) | 5 (100%) | 46 (92%) | 4 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| TST positive | 52 (88%) | 4 (80%) | 44 (88%) | 4 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0.707 |
| QFT-GIT positive (n = 53) | 37 (70%) | 5 (100%) | 28 (64%) | 4 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0.101 |
| TB contact | 50 (85%) | 1 (20%) | 45 (90%) | 4 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0.002 |
| Cough | 48 (81%) | 5 (100%) | 39 (78%) | 4 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0.491 |
| Fever | 40 (68%) | 4 (80%) | 34 (68%) | 2 (50%) | 0 (0%) | 0.718 |
| Lethargy | 4 (7%) | 3 (60%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.002 |
| Weight loss (n = 56) | 19 (34%) | 3 (60%) | 15 (32%) | 1 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 0.517 |
| Adenopathy | 22 (37%) | 4 (80%) | 18 (36%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.046 |
| Underweight (n = 74) | 18 (31%) | 3 (60%) | 15 (30%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.201 |
| Stunted (n = 58) a | 12 (21%) | 2 (40%) | 9 (18.4%) | 1 (25%) | 0.418 | |
| X-ray consistent with TB | 28 (46%) | 5 (100%) | 23 (46%) | 0 (0%) | NA | 0.161 |
| Positive smear-microscopy (n = 52) | 10 (19%) | 3 (60%) | 7 (16%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.062 |
| Treatment completed | 50 (85%) | 5 (100%) | 45 (90%) | 0 (0%) | NA | <0.001 |
| Lost to follow-up | 8 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (8%) | 4 (100%) | NA | |
| Died | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | NA | |
| Intrathoracic | 18 (31%) | 2 (40%) | 16 (32%) | 0 (0%) | NA | <0.001 |
| Extra-thoracic | 7 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (14%) | 0 (0%) | NA | |
| Both | 4 (7%) | 3 (60%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | NA | |
| Not defined | 30 (51%) | 0 (0%) | 26 (52%) | 4 (100%) | NA |
IQR: interquartile range; BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; TST: tuberculin skin test; QFT: QuantiFERON-TB Gold. Malnutrition defined as weight-for-age z-score < −2 for children under 10 years old and body mass index -for-age z-score < −2 for children above 10 years. Stunting was defined as height-for-age < −2. a Controls have no results on stunting because height measurements were not taken.