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. 2021 May 7;22(9):4972. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094972

Figure 2.

Figure 2

MCs play proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles. MCs are activated by various stimuli such as IgE crosslink, ATP, cations, IL-33, and LPS, via FcεRI, P2X7, MRGPRX2 (Mrgprb2), IL-33R, and TLR4, respectively. MC activation is followed by degranulation and the release of cytokines and eicosanoids. MCs also exhibit anti-inflammatory function including the production of IL-10 in certain circumstances [70,76]. SP: Substance P.