Figure 3.

Possible mechanisms by which MCs produce IL-10. Several signal-transducing molecules and transcription factors, GATA, Smad, p38, ERK, NFkB, mTOR and NFAT, have been identified to contribute to IL-10 production in various immune cells. The molecular mechanism by which MCs produce IL-10 is largely unknown, whereas a few pathways have been reported: 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and the IgE signaling-dependent pathway in the skin [70] and IL-33/ST2 and IgG/FcγRIIA in rheumatoid arthritis [76].