Table 2.
Treatment and follow-up.
| Features | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 | P7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute-phase treatment | |||||||
| ICU stay, days | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 24 |
| Iv diuretics | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Inotropes | no | no | no | Adr, Nor, Lev | Adr, Nor | dopamine | Adr, Nor, Lev |
| MCS | no | no | no | IABP | no | no | IABP, VA-ECMO |
| Mechanical ventilation | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| Cardiac devices | no | no | no | no | ICD | S-ICD | temporary PM |
| Etiology-driven treatment | HCQ, L/R | AZT | HCQ | HCQ, AKR | no | HCQ, AZT, AKR, PDN + AZA | PDN, IVIG |
| Discharge assessment | |||||||
| Hospitalization, days | 13 | 35 | 11 | 31 | 19 | 36 | 24 |
| Symptoms | no | no | mild chest pain | no | dyspnea | dyspnea | dyspnea |
| NYHA class | I | I | I | II | II | III | II |
| T-Tn, ng/L | 11 | 10 | 5 | 13 | 24 | 8 | 1416 |
| NTproBNP, pg/ml | 76 | 136 | 261 | 121 | 358 | 383 | 1937 |
| LVEF, % | 65 | 61 | 60 | 45 | 40 | 20 | 65 |
| TAPSE, mm | 20 | 22 | 24 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 10 |
| RAAS inhibitors | no | no | no | ramipril | enalapril | valsartan | no |
| Betablockers | no | no | bisoprolol | metoprolol | metoprolol | bisoprolol | no |
| Antiarrhythmics | no | no | no | no | no | AMD | ivabradin |
| Diuretics | no | no | SL | FS/SL | FS/SL | FS/SL | FS/CR |
| Follow-up assessment | |||||||
| Last follow-up, months | 9 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 3 |
| Follow-up mode | IP, TM | TM | IP, TM | IP | IP, TM | IP, TM | TM |
| Death | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Arrhythmias | no | no | no | no | PVC | PVC, NSVT | PVC, NSVT, AF |
| End-stage heart failure | no | no | no | no | no | referred for HTx | referred for HTx |
| New hospitalization | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Symptoms | no | no | dyspnea on effort | no | no | dyspnea | dyspnea |
| NYHA class | I | I | II | I | I | III | II |
| T-Tn, ng/L | 5 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 6 | 32 |
| NTproBNP, pg/ml | 56 | 88 | 154 | 76 | 103 | 272 | 887 |
| LVEF, % | 64 | 63 | 61 | 47 | 60 | 24 | 63 |
| TAPSE, mm | 20 | 21 | 25 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 12 |
Tailored treatment strategies and outcomes are shown for all patients (P1–P7). AF = atrial fibrillation; Adr = adrenaline; AKR = anakinra; AMD = amiodarone; AZA = azathioprine; AZT = azithromycine; CR = canrenoate; FS = furosemide; HCQ = hydroxychloroquine; HTx = heart transplantation; IABP = intra-aortic balloon pump; ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator; ICU = intensive care unit; IP = in-person; IVIG = intravenous immunoglobulins; L/R = lopinavir/ritonavir; Lev = levosimendan; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MCS = mechanical circulatory support; Nor = noradrenaline; NSVT = nonsustained ventricular tachycardia; NTproBNP = N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic pepetide (n.v. < 88 pg/mL); NYHA = New York Heart Association; PDN = prednisone; PM = pacemaker; PVC = premature ventricular complexes; RAAS = renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; S-ICD = subcutaneous ICD; SL = spironolactone; T-Tn = T-troponin (n.v. < 14 ng/L); TM = telemedicine; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; VA-ECMO = venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator.