Table 5.

Summary of CLS-B assessment methods by epidemiologic study.

First Author (Year)	Tissue Specimen	Tissue Specimens per Subject	Antibody	% CLS-B+
Breast cancer incidence studies (n = 2)
Shaik (2020) [84]	BBD: FFPE BBD biopsy tissue KTB donors: FFPE percutaneous needle biopsy tissue	1	CD68	BBD Cases: 67% BBD Controls: 40% KTB donors: 18%
Carter (2017) [85]	BBD: FFPE BBD biopsy tissue KTB donors: FFPE normal breast tissue	1	CD68	BBD Cases: 24% BBD Controls: 19% KTB donors: 3%
Breast cancer prognosis studies (n = 4)
Maliniak (2020) [69]	FFPE non-tumor tissue	1	CD68	Overall: 30% AA: 32% White: 29%
Cha (2018) [86]	Group 1: FFPE reduction mammoplasty Group 2: FFPE non-tumor tissue Group 3: FFPE tumor tissue	Unknown	CD68 CD163	CD68, CD163 Group 1: 2%, 2% Group 2: 0%, 0% Group 3: 18%, 13%
Koru-Sengul (2016) [87]	FFPE tumor tissue	1	CD163 CD206 CD40	Density of CLS: CD163, CD206, CD40 Mean (SD) All: 0.06 (0.14); 0.03 (0.07); 0.01 (0.07) Black: 0.11 (0.22); 0.04 (0.09); 0.02 (0.11) NBLA: 0.05 (0.08); 0.03 (0.05); 0 (0) CA: 0.03 (0.07); 0.02 (0.06); 0 (0.02)
Iyengar (2016) [82]	FFPE non-tumor tissue	5	CD68	41%
Cross-sectional studies of CLS-B (n = 8)
Greenlee (2018) [70]	FFPE non-tumor tissue	5	CD68	45%
Iyengar (2018) [81]	FFPE non-tumor tissue	5	CD68	Taiwanese: 43% US Caucasian: 55%
Iyengar (2017) [71]	FFPE non-tumor tissue	5	CD68	39%
Mullooly (2017) [80]	FFPE non-tumor tissue	1	CD68	36%
Vaysse (2017) [83]	FFPE tumor tissue	Unknown	CD68	54%
Brown (2017) [72]	FFPE non-tumor tissue	5	CD68	57%
Iyengar (2015) [73]	FFPE non-tumor tissue	5	CD68	51%
Morris (2011) [67]	FFPE non-tumor tissue	4–5	CD68	47%

Abbreviations: AA = African American; BBD = benign breast disease; CA = Caucasian; CLS-B = crown-like structures in breast adipose tissue; FFPE = formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; KTB = Komen Normal Tissue Bank; NBLA = non-Black Latina; US = United States.