Table 1.
Characteristics of patients.
| Sex | |
|---|---|
| Male | 228 (53.8) |
| Female | 196 (46.2) |
| Age (y) | 64.0 (59.0–70.0) |
| Duration of diabetes (y) | 9.0 (4.8–15.0) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.0 (21.4–25.3) |
| Mean morning systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128.1 (117.4–138.2) |
| Mean morning diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.2 (66.5–79.9) |
| Mean evening systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.4 (115.0–133.1) |
| Mean evening diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 67.7 (61.9–74.2) |
| Clinic systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136.0 (123.0–146.0) |
| Clinic diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.7 (70.0–80.3) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (mmol/mol) | 52.0 (48.6–59.5) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 191 (170–212) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.70 (0.58–0.83) |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.732) | 75.0 (63.1–89.0) |
| baPWV | 1762 (1501–2002) |
| Smoking status | |
| Current smoker | 63 (18.1) |
| Past smoker | 109 (31.3) |
| Alcohol drinking | |
| everyday | 99 (28.6) |
| social | 71 (20.5) |
| Diabetic complications | |
| Retinopathy | 84 (23.5) |
| Neuropathy | 118 (31.8) |
| Neuropathy | 118 (31.8) |
| Macrovascular disease | 101 (27.0) |
| Use of antihypertensive medication | 192 (45.2) |
| RAS (−/+) | 267/156 |
For categorical variables, n (%) is presented. For continuous variables, median (interquartile range) is presented. eGFR, estimated glemerular filtration rate; baPWV, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity; RAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.