Table 2.
ABC efflux transporters mediating MDR in pathogenic fungi.
| Phylogeny | Species | Gene | UniProt ID | Length | Substrates | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exporter type II | ABCG/PDR | C. albicans | CDR1 | P43071 | 1501 | Drugs, PC, PE, PS, Steroids | [217,260,263,267,268,269,270] |
| CDR2 | P78595 | 1499 | Drugs, PC, PE, PS, Steroids | [218,260,271] | |||
| CDR3 | O42690 | 1501 | Drugs, PC, PE, PS, Steroids | [260,272] | |||
| CDR6/ROA1 | A0A1D8PCM6 | 1274 | Azole, Membrane fluidity | [273] | |||
| CDR11 | A0A1D8PK15 | 1512 | Drugs, Fosmanogepix | [274] | |||
| C. glabrata | CDR1 | Q6FK23 | 1499 | Drugs | [275,276] | ||
| PDH1 | O74208 | 1542 | Drugs | [277,278] | |||
| SNQ2 | Q6FQN3 | 1507 | Drugs | [279] | |||
| AUS1 | Q6FUR1 | 1398 | Sterol | [280,281] | |||
| C. auris | CDR1 | PIS57142 | 1508 | Drugs | [236,237,239] | ||
| C. dubliniensis | CDR1 | Q8NJ55 | 1501 | Drugs | [282] | ||
| CDR2 | Q8NJ54 | 1500 | Drugs | [282] | |||
| C. tropicalis | CDR1 | EER33788 | 1498 | Drugs | [283,284,285] | ||
| C. neoformans | AFR1 | Q8X0Z3 | 1543 | Drugs | [286] | ||
| Exporter type I | ABCB/MDR | C. albicans | HST6 | A0A1D8PKI5 | 1323 | A-factor | [287,288] |
| C. glabrata | ATM1 * | Q6FIK3 | 727 | Fe/S | [289] | ||
| C. neoformans | MDR1 | O43140 | 1408 | Drugs | [290] | ||
| ATM1 * | P0CL92 | 734 | Fe/S | [290] | |||
| ABCC/MRP | C. albicans | YOR1 | AOW27977 | 1488 | Oligomycin, Beauvericin | [291,292] | |
| MLT1 * | Q9UW87 | 1606 | PC, Ni(II) | [180] |
* All transporters located in the plasma membrane, except for Atm1 and Mlt1, residing in the mitochondrial and vacuolar membrane, respectively. GS: glutathione, PC: phosphatidylcholine, PE: phosphatidylethanolamine, PS: phosphatidylserine.