Table 3.
Concentrations (μg/g creatinine) of metals in urine from DCM patients and controls.
| Metal (Reference Value) |
Controls (n = 25) GM (95% CL) Mean ± SD Median (IQR) |
DCM (n = 32) GM (95% CL) Mean ± SD Median (IQR) |
GM Ratio (95% CL) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li 21.5 |
13.93 (11.98–16.19) | 16.06 (12.55–20.57) | 0.87 (0.65–1.15) |
0.3189 |
| 14.92 ± 6.14 | 20.52 ± 18.51 | |||
| 13.44 (6.04) | 15.25 (13.44) | |||
| Be | 0.0009 (0007–0.0012) | 0.0029 (0.0015–0.0056) | 0.31 (0.16–0.62) |
0.0015 |
| 0.0011 ± 0009 | 0.041 ± 0.15 | |||
| 0.0008 (0004) | 0.0022 (0.0059) | |||
| Al 2.04 |
10.62 (7.97–14.15) | 15.62 (10.22–23.88) | 0.68 (0.41–1.12) |
0.1292 |
| 14.23 ± 15.39 | 97.42 ± 438.12 | |||
| 9.59 (6.42) | 11.25 (10.62) | |||
| Ti | 30.87 (25.19–37.82) | 31.13 (23.07–42.02) | 0.99 (0.69–1.41) |
0.9612 |
| 34.49 ± 16.15 | 39.95 ± 25.09 | |||
| 29.40 (25.48) | 34.43 (29.65) | |||
| V 0.22 |
1.46 (0.73–2.93) | 1.53 (0.91–2.57) | 0.96 (0.42–2.19) |
0.9178 |
| 3.33 ± 3.49 | 2.95 ± 3.08 | |||
| 2.07 (3.24) | 1.92 (2.67) | |||
| Cr 0.11 |
0.18 (0.14–0.22) | 0.36 (0.24–0.54) | 0.49 (0.32–0.78) |
0.0033 |
| 0.20 ± 0.13 | 1.00 ± 2.91 | |||
| 0.16 (0.08) | 0.29 (0.39) | |||
| Mn <0.043 |
0.12 (0.06–0.21) | 0.39 (0.19–0.81) | 0.29 (0.11–0.78) |
0.0145 |
| 0.28 ± 0.37 | 3.36 ± 8.65 | |||
| 0.11 (0.27) | 0.29 (1.05) | |||
| Co 0.2 |
1.18 (0.73–1.92) | 2.75 (1.98–3.82) | 0.43 (0.25–0.75) |
0.0034 |
| 2.45 ± 3.58 | 4.31 ± 5.08 | |||
| 0.97 (1.84) | 2.24 (3.46) | |||
| Ni 1.79 |
1.19 (0.94–1.51) | 1.49 (1.16–1.92) | 0.79 (0.57–1.13) |
0.1967 |
| 1.39 ± 0.75 | 1.87 ± 1.33 | |||
| 1.18 (1.24) | 1.57 (1.44) | |||
| Cu 6.84 |
7.38 (6.45–8.43) | 25.76 (19.93–33.29) | 0.29 (0.22–0.38) |
<0.0001 |
| 7.78 ± 2.81 | 32.48 ± 23.22 | |||
| 7.06 (2.48) | 28.52 (25.87) | |||
| Zn 246 |
221.10 (176.70–276.07) | 1033.80 (818.5–1305.7) | 0.21 (0.15–0.29) |
<0.0001 |
| 250.38 ± 116.76 | 1256.08 ± 820.55 | |||
| 256.67 (167.09) | 1007.14 (821.22) | |||
| As 13.7 |
20.36 (14.99–27.65) | 27.06 (20.41–35.89) | 0.75 (0.49–1.13) |
0.1689 |
| 27.19 ± 24.59 | 35.21 ± 24.55 | |||
| 19.97 (20.48) | 29.06 (29.68) | |||
| Se 21.6 |
17.42 (15.48–19.59) | 24.53 (21.70–27.73) | 0.71 (0.59–0.84) |
0.0001 |
| 18.09 ± 5.07 | 25.98 ± 9.23 | |||
| 18.54 (5.63) | 22.85 (12.10) | |||
| Mo 29.8 |
60.46 (41.95–87.13) | 55.17 (38.23–79.60) | 1.09 (0.65–1.83) |
0.4882 |
| 84.94 ± 74.05 | 92.35 ± 137.29 | |||
| 65.18 ± 38.00 | 49.98 (54.58) | |||
| Cd 0.22 |
0.61 (0.48–0.76) | 1.48 (1.15–1.90) | 0.41 (0.29–0.58) |
<0.0001 |
| 0.72 ± 0.54 | 1.94 ± 1.96 | |||
| 0.57 (0.41) | 1.44 (1.29) | |||
| Sn 0.35 |
0.23 (0.19–0.29) | 3.59 (1.79–7.19) | 0.07 (0.03–0.13) |
<0.0001 |
| 0.26 ± 0.14 | 11.24 ± 14.55 | |||
| 0.21 (0.11) | 6.86 (16.66) | |||
| Sb 0.04 |
0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 0.08 (0.05–0.11) | 0.64 (0.42–0.97) |
0.0351 |
| 0.05 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.09 | |||
| 0.046 (0.019) | 0.08 (0.14) | |||
| Te 0.14 |
0.23 (0.19–0.27) | 0.23 (0.19–0.28) | 1.01 (0.78–1.32) |
0.9417 |
| 0.25 ± 0.09 | 0.27 ± 0.17 | |||
| 0.21 (0.14) | 0.21 (0.24) | |||
| Ba 1.86 |
1.27 (0.94–1.72) | 1.65 (1.04–2.57) | 0.77 (0.45–1.33) |
0.3442 |
| 1.61 ± 1.19 | 3.54 ± 4.96 | |||
| 1.16 (0.74) | 1.89 (3.98) | |||
| Tl 0.18 |
0.14 (0.11–0.17) | 0.23 (0.18–0.29) | 0.59 (0.42–0.83) |
0.0031 |
| 0.16 ± 0.11 | 0.29 ± 0.19 | |||
| 0.13 (0.05) | 0.25 (0.16) | |||
| Pb 1.78 |
1.76 (1.38–2.26) | 1.24 (0.90–1.69) | 1.42 (0.95–2.15) |
0.0888 |
| 2.09 ± 1.28 | 1.91 ± 2.50 | |||
| 1.68 (1.28) | 1.24 (1.22) | |||
| U <0.007 |
0.008 (0.006–0.0105) | 0.02 (0.016–0.031) | 0.37 (0.24–0.55) |
<0.0001 |
| 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.04 | |||
| 0.007 (0.004) | 0.02 (0.03) |