Figure 3.

Mechanisms of dyshomeostasis of dopaminergic neurons. Panel (A). Mutations in SNCA leads to aggregation of mutated α-synuclein that affects the mechanisms of protein handling and vesicle transport, thus dysbalancing mitochondrial dynamics and function. Panel (B). Mutations in genes that affect protein processing, vesicle transport and mitochondrial function leads to aggregation of non-mutated α-synuclein. Red dots represent ATP molecules, mainly synthesized in the mitochondria of neurons, that are needed for all the processes depicted in the schemes.